植物结构和根2006.ppt

Chapt 2 Morphology and function of plant;Angiosperm—— a plant whose seeds develop within ovaries that mature into fruits ;1. Morphology of angiosperm;Root— a plant organ that functions in anchorage and absorption; most roots are produced below ground;Stem – a plant axis with leaves or enations（突起）;Leaf—a flattened organ that is compost of blade, petiole and stipule on a stem, which is a site for photosynthesis and transpiration ;花（flower）— 由花梗（pedicel）、花托（receptacle）、花被（perianth）、雄蕊群（anrdoecium）和雌蕊群组成（gynoecium） 是被子植物的主要繁殖器官;果实（fruit）— 子房经双受精以后发育而形成，果实分为真果和假果两类 是被子植物的主要繁殖器官;种子（seed）— 是由胚珠经双受精以后发育而形成 成熟的种子包括：胚（embryo）、胚乳（endosperm）和种皮（seed coat） ;Roots;2. Morphology and function of angiosperm2.1 Morphology and function of root;不定根（adventitious root）— 由茎叶或老根上长出的根;须根系（fibrous root system）— consist of adventitious roots are from hypocotyl (胚轴)and stem, lateral roots（monocotyledon）;The function of roots;2. Characteristics of root;3. The types of root system;根 类 型（1） Prop roots;;玉米支柱根;根 类 型（2）;红树呼吸根;攀援根;（3）;（4）储藏根 Storage roots;肉直根;根类型（5） 板状根(buttress roots);（6）寄生根Parasitic roots;寄生根 ;(7) 根瘤和菌根 Root nodules; 根系在土壤中的生长和分布 ;2.1.2 Primary growth and primary structure of the root;伸长区（elongation area）;2.1.2.2　Structure of mature area in root tip;Epidermis—— The outermost layer of cells in Primary root that absorb water and mineral elements;皮层 cortex—由多层薄壁细胞组成排列疏松，有明显的胞间隙，细胞中其中储藏有淀粉和其他物质;外皮层;凯氏带;维管柱Vascular cylinder——皮层以内的柱状体，是由原形成层发育而来;中柱鞘 pericycle;Compare the structure of primary roots between dicotyledon and monocotyledon and monocotyledon;The lateral roots originated in pericycle The Periclinal division and anticlinal division of pericycle result in root primordia formation The primordia develops gradually forming the lateral roots When, where, why and how?;;Secondary growth and structure;Secondary meristem;就朋椭琐受裁挤棺邀论狮箱途宾幻筑购术咐谱侮纺慰养烷坚贪一隧等碾燃植物结构和根2006植物结构和根2006;形成层的发生;Secondary structure of root;次生韧皮部;学习植物生物学，两种重要的学习方法： 1.联系方法： 与植物的有关组织相联系，初生结构与次生结构相联系； 形态结构特