固定式爬梯的安全要求.doc

Safety Requirements on Fixed Access Ladders 固定式爬梯的安全要求 Version版本 Designed by起草 Approved by批准 Date日期 Initial Version (V1.0)第一版 Jack KUANG Gildas CLOCHARD 19/12/2008 INTRODUCTION介绍 On Veolia Water project sites, fixed ladders will be used to provide access and egress to manholes, water tanks, valve and meter chambers, roof of buildings, etc... Fixed access ladder systems that are designed and constructed in accordance with safety requirements can intrinsically prevent incidents especially falls to occur while operators are ascending or descending the ladders. However, access and egress to these ladders is often the worse point as far as safety is concerned.在威立雅水务的项目现场上，固定式爬梯被用来作为提供进出人孔井、水池、阀门和仪表井，以及上下房顶的通道。严格按照安全要求来设计并安装的固定式爬梯，能在本质上预防事故尤其是人员上下爬梯时发生的坠落事故。当然，仅有一个好的爬梯还不足以预防事故，人员上下爬梯时的不安全行为更是发生安全事故的薄弱环节。 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS一般要求 1. Fixed access ladders must be designed, constructed and maintained so as not to endanger climbers, and must be capable of withstanding all loads to which they may be subjected.固定式爬梯必须由专人设计、施工和维护以不对使用者构成威胁，爬梯必须能足以承受符合它的使用目的的重量。 1) Structural design, including attachment methods should be performed by a professional structural engineer.爬梯的结构设计包括组装方法必须由专业工程师完成。 2) The minimum design live load shall be a single concentrated load of 200 pounds (90kg, by OSHA).最小设计集中活负荷为90公斤（美国职业安全健康协会标准）。 3) A safety factor of at least 4:1 should be applied in designing components for normal usage, and at least 10:1 for components supporting fall arresting systems.在设计爬梯构件时，对于一般用途的爬梯要求达到4倍安全系数，对于需要安装防坠系统的构件，要求达到10倍安全系数。 2. All parts and surfaces of fixed ladder installations must be free of sharp edges, burrs, or other details that may be hazardous to the person using the ladder.爬梯的所有部件的表面不得有锋利的边角、毛刺或者其他可能伤害使用者的状态。 3. Prevention of unauthorized access may be achieved only by methods which do not compromise the safety or structural integrity of the ladder. For example:可以通过适当的方式来防止爬梯在未经授