黄鳝性逆转调控和苗种人工生态繁育与养殖技术研究..doc

“黄鳝性逆转调控和苗种人工生态繁育与养殖技术研究” 总 结 报 告 华中农业大学《黄鳝性逆转调控》课题组 摘要：使用较低蛋白质含量为10%—35%的饲料喂养1龄雌鳝，其雄性转化率达到21.06%—36.51%,比适宜蛋白质含量为40%的雄性转化率提高了15.72%—31.17%，具有促进黄鳝性逆转的作用，并和同批鱼中雌鳝自然产卵受精，获得了具有功能性的雄鳝。使用较高蛋白质含量为45%—50%的饲料喂养1龄雌鳝，其雌性保持率达到87.18%—95.21%,比适宜蛋白质含量为40%的雌性保持率提高了9.87%—17.90%，具有延缓黄鳝性逆转的作用，其怀卵量提高了68%，并和同批鱼中雄鳝自然产卵受精，获得了高怀卵量的雌鳝。饲料中使用60mg—80mg/kg戊酸雌二醇喂养1龄雌鳝，其雌性保持率达到78.62%—80.24%,比对照组雌性保持率提高了23.79%—26.34%，具有延缓黄鳝性逆转的作用，其怀卵量提高了71%，并和同批鱼中雄鳝自然产卵受精，获得了高怀卵量的雌鳝。饲料中使用80mg—100mg/kg丙酸睾酮喂养1龄雌鳝，其雄性转化率达到61.34%—69.38%,比对照组雄性转化率提高了782.59%—898.27%，具有促进黄鳝性逆转的作用，并和同批鱼中雄鳝自然产卵受精，获得了具有功能性的雄鳝。网箱养殖条件下，雌性黄鳝初次性成熟年龄为1年左右。通过性逆转调控技术，可获得大批量繁殖雌雄鳝亲本。采用全网箱繁殖、孵化和育苗。网箱面积1—2m2，雌雄性比:2/m2。经近千个网箱试验，平均每尾雌鳝获苗种125尾，最高达到200尾。苗种体重约25—35g，体长约22.11—30.12cm。采用人工苗种养殖商品鳝，成活率提高80—100%（野生鳝最低为0%，一般为60%）。每平方米可获投入产出重量比1:6（kg），产值420元，利润168元。 关键词：性逆转调控；苗种人工生态繁育；人工生态养殖技术；黄鳝 Abstract：The present studies showed that low dietary protein level 10%-35% could promote sex reversal in rice field eel at age 1, the conversion rate of male was 21.06%-36.51%, and improved 15.72% -31.17% compared with the conversion rate of male of female eel fed appropriate protein content 40%, promote the role of eel sex reversal, and the same batch of fish and eels spawn naturally fertilized females, obtained with functional male eel. The high dietary protein level 45%-50% could delay sex reversal in rice field eel at age 1, the retention rate of female was 87.18%-95.21%, and improved 9.87%-17.90% compared with the retention rate of male of female eel fed appropriate protein content 40%, delay the role of eel sex reversal, the brood amount increased 68%, and obtained the high brood amount female eel by naturally fertilized in the same batch of fish and females spawn. The retention ration of female could up to 78.62%-80.24% when the female eel fed the dietary with added 60-80 mg kg-1estradiol at age 1, improved 23.79%-26.34% compared with the retention ration of female of the eel fed the control dietary, delay the role of eel sex reversal, the brood amo