年产十五万吨合成氨毕业设计.doc

摘 要 本文主要是合成氨合成工段的设计，主要包括物料计算、热量计算以及设备的选型，生产产品为液氨，生产能力为15万吨液氨/年。与传统流程相比较，具有节能低耗的特点，通过设计两个串联的氨冷器，在低压下，既减少了动力消耗，又保证了合成塔入口氨含量的要求。 。 Abstract This article is mainly ammonia synthesis section design, including the calculation of material, heat calculation and equip ment selection, for the production of liquid a mmonia, liquid a mmonia production capacity of 150000 tons / year.Co mpared with the traditional proCess co mpared with energy saving, low consu mption, through the design of the two series of the a mmonia cooler, under low pressure, which reduces power consu mption, and ensures that the synthetic tower entrance a mmonia content require ment. Synthesis tower outlet gas waste heat boiler, water cooler cooling to room temperature, ammonia into ammonia separator after being condensed and separated out again into the condensing tower, the upper part of the cold heat exchanger cooling and fresh gas mixture, into the ammonia cooler 1 is cooled to 0 degrees Celsius, to reduce the load into the ammonia cooler 2 continued cooling to -15 degrees C make most ammonia condensed, and the condensing tower bottom so that the liquid ammonia is separated, circulating gas by condensation tower heat exchanger heating to 22 degrees C after circulating compressor added pressure to 15MPa after entering synthetic tower, the start of the next cycle. Key words: ammonia synthesis; synthesis process; Low energy consumption目 录 前 言 1 第1章 说明书 2 1.1合成氨的原料组成 2 1.2合成氨的方法 2 1.3合成氨的工艺流程 2 1.3合成氨的机理和反应条件的确定 4 1.4合成氨的催化剂 5 第2章 原材料及产品主要技术规格 7 2.1原材料技术规格 7 2.2氨水产品技术规格 7 2.3液氨产品技术规格 7 第3章 工艺流程简述 9 3.1工艺流程图 9 3.2流程简述 9 3.3设计规模及特点 10 第4章 物料计算 11 4.1设计要求 11 4.2带工作点的工艺流程简图 11 4.3物料计算 11 第5章 热量衡算 28 5.1冷交换器热量计算 28 5.2氨冷凝器热量计算 30 5.3循环机热量计算 32 5.4合成塔热量衡算 33 5.5沸热锅炉热量计算 34 5.6热交换器热量计算 35 5.7水冷器热量衡算 36 5.8氨分离器热量衡算 37 第6章 设备的选型与计算 38 6.1合成塔催化剂层设计 38 6.2热锅炉设备工艺计算 42 6.3热交换器设备工艺计算 45 6.4水冷器设备工艺计算 50 6.5冷交换器设备工艺计算 52 参考文献 58 致 谢 59 前 言 氨在国民经济中占有重要地位。现在约有80%的氨用来制造化学肥料，其余作为生产其他化工产品的原料。除液氨可直接作为肥料外，农业上使用的氨肥，例如尿素、硝酸