托福口语指导：把握句子间关系.docx

智课网TOEFL备考资料托福口语指导：把握句子间关系 以下是新东方在线为同学们整理的托福口语指导：把握句子间关系，供各位考生参考，希望能对大家有所帮助。 新托福口语考试中的45秒钟的时间绝对不允许我们一次次地反复阅读某个句子，即使碰到难懂的句子也是如此。怎么办呢？继续读下去，试图在后一句中找到理解前一句（特别是难句）的线索。这一线索就是句子与句子之间的关系。因此，准确地把握句子与句子之间的关系就不失为一种能很好地提高阅读理解的方法了。 句子之间的关系多种多样，常见的有：并列关系、因果关系、递进关系、转折关系和相互解释关系。 Women could and did play a part in this process of settlement. Iceland, for instance, was uninhabited, and a permanent population could only be established if women also made the journey there. (后一句的具体事例为前一句提供说明与解释) People borrowed more and more money so that they could buy these shares. Because of this, the American people started to believe that share prices could only go up further. (“because of”明显的因果关系) Astronomy is a science that deals with all the celestial bodies in the universe. Astronomy includes the study of planets and their satellites, comets and meteors, stars and interstellar matter, star systems and clusters. (后一句是对前一句celestial bodies 的进一步解释) Previously it was believed that due to the Archaeopteryx’s (始祖鸟) underdeveloped anatomy, it would not have been able to fly. However, research by the London Natural History Museum into its brain developed and that it had good vision and a good sense of balance — all the requirements for a creature to be able to fly. (“However”转折对比) 阅读时，我们可以根据段落中出现的一些信号词(Signal Words)来判断句子与句子之间的关系，掌握段落发展线索，来调整阅读速度，提高阅读质量。 1．显示相同信息的信号词： There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales. “likewise”这一信号词显示了前面所提到的idea后面还要再一次出现。因此，阅读时见到这样的信号词无须放慢阅读速度。这样的信号词还包括： and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example 2．显示思路转折的信号词： I’d like to go but I’m too busy. “but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向读者显示了作者的思路在这里有了转折。阅读时，碰到这样的信号词我们需放慢阅读速度，以准确获取作者真正想要说明的意思。这类信号词还有： although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet 3．显示因果关系的信号词： As a result of the pilots’ strike, all flights