社会经济及自然环境因素对大学生体格发育影响性别差异.docVIP

社会经济及自然环境因素对大学生体格发育影响性别差异【摘要】 目的 探讨社会经济及自然环境因素对我国大学生体格发育的影响，比较男女大学生之间的差异。方法 以上海市某大学学生2 524名(男生838名，女生1 686名)为研究对象,分析学生家庭人均收入、城乡、纬度、海拔、气温及降水量与体格发育的关系。结果与纬度、气温及降水量相比，城乡因素及人均收入对男女体格发育造成的差异要大;城乡因素及人均收入对身高、体重及BMI产生的影响男性大于女性;纬度、气温及降水量对体重及BMI产生的影响男性大于女性，但在身高方面这种差异无统计学意义。结论 与自然环境因素对男女体格发育影响相比，社会经济因素对男性的体格影响比女性大。 【关键词】 体型；生长和发育；因素分析，统计学；性别比率；学生 【中图分类号】 R 179 R 161.5 R 339.3+5 R 195.2 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1000-9817(2008)03-0249-03 Sex Difference of Socioecnomic and Natural Environmental Factors on Physical Development Among University Students/YIN Xiao-jian*,JI Cheng-ye,LI Shi-chang.*School of Physical Education and Health, Huadong Normal University, Shanghai (200062), China 【Abstract】 Objective To define and clarify the gender differences in undergraduates’physique caused by socioecnomic factors and geographic factors. MethodsThere were 2 524 undergraduates (male, 838; female, 1 686) taken as subjects. The relationship between physique development and income per capita, urban-rural origin, latitude, atmospheric temperature and precipitation were analyzed. Rrsults Factors such as urban-rural origin and income per capita influenced male and female students’physique more greatly than latitude, atmospheric temperature and precipitation did. Male students’body weight and BMI were more greatly affected by urban-rural origin and income per capita. Environmental factors such as latitude, atmospheric temperature and precipitation exerted greater influence on male students’body weight and BMI than on female students, where-as there was no significant difference in body height caused by these factors. ConclusionThe gender difference in physique caused by socioecnomic factors is greater than that caused by natural environmental factors. 【Key words】 Somatotypes; Growth and development; Factor analysis, statistical; Sex ratio; Students 男女体格的差异在出生时就表现出男婴比女婴略大的倾向［1］。出生后，除青春发育的短暂时期外，男性的体格均大于女性。体格的性别差异虽然被认为主要是由于遗传因素造成的，但环境因素的影响也是造成这种差异的重要因素［2-6］。Malina等［2］指出，社会经济因素明显对男性的体格产生较大的影