岩石流变模型及其应用.doc

摘 要 流变是岩石材料的重要力学特征，许多岩土工程与岩石的流变特性都有紧密联系，例如，矿井开采，隧洞开挖以及核废料储存等。随着国内岩石工程迅猛发展，越来越多的水利、交通、能源和国防工程在岩石地区相继展开，其设计、施工、运营、稳定性和加固等都直接依赖于节理岩体的强度、变形及破坏等特征，而且这些特性都与间相关。为确保岩体工程在长期运营过程中的安全与稳定，这就需要对岩石流变力学特性作进一步深入研究。因而在岩石工程中，充分考虑岩石的流变力学特性，对于岩石力学的理论研究和实际工程应用都具有重要的实践与指导意义。近年来，，但岩石流变力学理论还不很成熟，许多重大岩石工程的建设为岩石流变力学理论研究带来了严峻的挑战，当前岩石流变力学特性和本构模型理论的研究仍是其难点和热点问题。鉴于此，本文采用试验研究、理论分析和数值模拟相综合的研究方法本文的主要研究工作如下： (1) 对进行试验，(2) 基于蠕变损伤理论，深入研究 (3) 在岩石(岩体)非线性流变损伤，，建立岩石(岩体)非线性本构模型 (4) 从损伤力学出发,通过在内蕴时间中引入牛顿时间、损伤变量，建立了内时流变本构方程，由于该本构方程具有不可逆热力学的根基，并且避开了经典粘弹塑性力学所作的“屈服面”假设，故其可用来有效描述耗散性地质材料特别是软岩、土等的复杂的非线性流变特性。 （5）根据FLAC3D软件特点，用户通过C++语言编写本构模型导入到FLAC3D中，通过简化验证本构模型的正确性以及可靠性。将岩石流变力学特性的试验和理论研究成果应用于锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞中，预测隧洞围岩长期稳定性，为引水隧洞的长期稳定与安全性提供合理评价与建议。 关键词 剪切流变试验，损伤力学，非线性流变模型，模型辨识，蠕变损伤，内时理论，锦屏二级水电站，引水隧洞 ABSTRACT Rheology is one of the most important mechanical characteristics of rock and rock-like materials, many geotechnical engineering projects and the rock rheology characteristic have the close relations, for example, mining, tunnel extraction, storage of resources and radioactive wastes, etc. Great progress has been made at rock projects in china, more and more water conservations, the transportation, the energy and the defense project develop one after another in the rock area, its design, the construction, the operation, the stability and the reinforcement and so on directly rely on jointing rock strength, distortion and destruction,etc, and these characteristics relate time. In order to guarantee the rock engineering insecurity and the stability in the long-term operation process, which need deeply research rock rheology mechanics characters. Therefore, the author considers fully the rock the rheology mecha rock rheology nics characteristic in the rock project, which has the important practice and the guiding sense for theory research of rock mechanics and the actual project application. In recent years, there are many articles about rheology aspect, However, rheological model theory of rock material has not been very