中石油职称英语课文讲稿第课8.docVIP

19. Smoking and Cancer. 吸烟和癌. 作为阅读文章 　　1. Americans smoke six thousand million cigarettes[(cigarette):n.纸烟；香烟] every year (1970 figures[数字]). This is roughly[(rough):adj.错略的] the equivalent[相等的] of 4,195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more. It is estimated[(estimate):v.估计] that 51% of American men smoke compared[(compare):vt.比较] with 34% of American women. 1、美国人每年抽烟60亿支(1970年的统计数字)。这大致等于每个18岁以上的人一年要吸4195支烟。据估计，美国有51％的男性吸烟，而女性吸烟的比例则为34％。 分析：compared with:与……比较； 单词：cigarette =香烟；figure =统计数字；roughly =.概略地；equivalent=相等的； estimate=估计；compare=比较； 2. Since 1939, numerous[adj.许多的] scientific studies have been conducted[(conduct):vt.进行] to determine[确定] whether smoking is a health hazard[n.危险]. The trend[n.趋向,趋势] of the evidence[n.证据] has been consistent[adj.一致的,符合的] and indicates[(indicate):v.表明，暗示] that there is a serious health risk[n.危险]. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable[adj.合情理的] doubt[n. vi.vt.怀疑；疑惑] that tobacco[n.烟草；烟叶] smoking, particularly[(particular):adj.特殊的；特别的] cigarette smoking, is associated[(associate):v.使联系起来] with shortened life expectancy[n.预料,预计,期待]. 2、1939年以来，为了确定抽烟是否有害健康进行了大量的科学研究。证据所显示的趋势是一贯的，并表明对人体的健康有严重的危险。许多研究小组进行的研究不容置疑地表明，吸食烟草，特别是吸卷烟与预期寿命缩短有关。 分析：have been conducted ：完成时态的被动语态。；life expectancy ＝平均寿命indicate=指出；numerous =许多的； conduct=进行；determine =确定； hazard ＝； trend =趋势；evidence=证据；consistent =一致的； doubt=怀疑；reasonable=有道理的； tobacco =烟草；particularly =特别是；cigarette =卷烟；；shorten =缩短； expectancy =预期； 3. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor[n.] in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related[(relate):vi.有关；涉及] to cancer of the bladder[n.膀胱] and the oral cavity[n.腔]. Male cigarette Smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. (Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe[呼吸] in the smoke so deeply.) The ma