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A Conceptual Cortical Surface Atlas Dharmendra S. Modha* IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California, United States of America Abstract Volumetric, slice-based, 3-D atlases are invaluable tools for understanding complex cortical convolutions. We present a simple scheme to convert a slice-based atlas to a conceptual surface atlas that is easier to visualize and understand. The key idea is to unfold each slice into a one-dimensional vector, and concatenate a succession of these vectors – while maintaining as much spatial contiguity as possible – into a 2-D matrix. We illustrate our methodology using a coronal slice- based atlas of the Rhesus Monkey cortex. The conceptual surface-based atlases provide a useful complement to slice-based atlases for the purposes of indexing and browsing. Citation: Modha DS (2009) A Conceptual Cortical Surface Atlas. PLoS ONE 4(6): e5693. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005693 Editor: Jeffrey Krichmar, University of California Irvine, United States of America Received January 15, 2009; Accepted April 19, 2009; Published June 2, 2009 Copyright: 2009 Modha. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The research reported in this paper was sponsored by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Defense Sciences Office (DSO), Program: Systems of Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics (SyNAPSE), Issued by DARPA CMO under Contract No. HR0011-09-C-0002. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressly or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency