a national case-control study identifies human socio-economic status and activities as risk factors for tick-borne encephalitis in poland一个全国性的病例对照研究识别人类的社会经济地位和活动的风险因素在波兰蜱传脑炎.pdfVIP

A National Case-Control Study Identifies Human Socio- Economic Status and Activities as Risk Factors for Tick- Borne Encephalitis in Poland 1 1 2 2,3 4 Pawel Stefanoff , Magdalena Rosinska , Steven Samuels , Dennis J. White , Dale L. Morse , Sarah E. Randolph5* 1 Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland, 2 State University of New York at Albany, School of Public Health, Rensselaer, New York, United States of America, 3 New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America, 4 National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, 5 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Abstract Background: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is endemic to Europe and medically highly significant. This study, focused on Poland, investigated individual risk factors for TBE symptomatic infection. Methods and Findings: In a nation-wide population-based case-control study, of the 351 TBE cases reported to local health departments in Poland in 2009, 178 were included in the analysis. For controls, of 2704 subjects (matched to cases by age, sex, district of residence) selected at random from the national population register, two were interviewed for each case and a total of 327 were suitable for the analysis. Questionnaires yielded information on potential exposure to ticks during the six weeks (maximum incubation period) preceding disease onset in each case. Independent associations between disease and socio-economic factors and occupational or recreational exposure were assessed by conditional logistic regression, stratified