a systematic survey of mini-proteins in bacteria and archaea系统的调查mini-proteins在细菌和古生菌.pdfVIP

A Systematic Survey of Mini-Proteins in Bacteria and Archaea 1,2 1,2 3 1,2 1,2 4 Fengyu Wang , Jingfa Xiao *, Linlin Pan , Ming Yang , Guoqiang Zhang , Shouguang Jin , Jun Yu1,2* 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 2 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 3 James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 4 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America Abstract Background: Mini-proteins, defined as polypeptides containing no more than 100 amino acids, are ubiquitous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They play significant roles in various biological processes, and their regulatory functions gradually attract the attentions of scientists. However, the functions of the majority of mini-proteins are still largely unknown due to the constraints of experimental methods and bioinformatic analysis. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this article, we extracted a total of 180,879 mini-proteins from the annotations of 532 sequenced genomes, including 491 strains of Bacteria and 41 strains of Archaea. The average proportion of mini-proteins among all genomic proteins is approximately 10.99%, but different strains exhibit remarkable fluctuations. These mini- proteins display two notable characteristics. First, the majority are species-specific proteins with an average proportion of 58.79% among six representative phyla. Second, an even larger proportion (70.03% among