年产40万吨尿素生产工艺设计.doc

哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文 年产20万吨尿素生产工艺设计 摘 要 尿素是一种重要的化学肥料和工业原料，在世界范围内广泛使用。自从1922年尿素开始工业化生产以来，许多国家都致力于尿素生产系统的研究，在合成机理、热力学性质和工艺流程方面都有创新和进展。 尿素生产工艺是典型的化工生产工艺之一。目前尿素的生产工艺主要有水溶液全循环法，二氧化碳气提法，氨气气提法。由于气提法技术还有很多限制，因此选择技术比较成熟的水溶液全循环法。 论文的主要内容有：（1）阐述了前人对尿素生成的研究概况，分析了现存工艺流程的优缺点，在成型热力学参数的基础上，建立了合适的工艺流程；（2）根据选择的工艺流程，以尿素生产和消耗为目标，对整个流程进行了物料衡算和热量衡算。同时对生产系统的关键性设备进行了设计和选型；（3）根据设计数据，运用Auto CAD绘制了工艺流程图和主要设备装置图。 关键词:尿素生产；水溶液全循环；物料衡算；热量衡算；设备选型 I 哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文 Urea production process design of 400,000t per year Abstract Urea is one of the important nitrogen-based fertilizers and industrial raw materials, which is widely used around the world . Since its production was industrialized in 1922, urea process has attracted much research from different. Innovation and achievement has been made in the synthesis mechanism , thermodynamic property and flowsheeting. The urea production process is one of the typical chemical production processes.Today the world production process of Urea are total recycle of the aqueous solution , carbon dioxide stripping process, ammonia stripping process . There are many restrictions in stripping technology, so we select the technology,total recycle of the aqueous solution, which is relatively mature .This article describes the basic profiles of the urea production process , the aqueous solution of the full cycle of urea production process and characteristics.This work is started with the thermodynamic parameters of the urea production , and then the process fiowsheeting is researched, urea production process is developed in order to guide the production . The main content of this paper are as follows: (1)urea-generated profiles,which was presented by former,is summarized the advantages and disadvantages of the existing process , establishing a suitable process forming based on the thermodynamic parameters; (2) According to the chosen process , in the need of increasing yield and decreasing energy cost,we calculate material balance and heat balance of the entire proce