周代燕国享国永年原因试探-通识教育中心-开南大学.pdf

通識研究集刊 第 九 期 2006 年 06 月 頁 205～246 開 南 大 學 通識教育中心 周代燕國享國永年原因試探∗ 王明∗∗ 摘要 周代封國數以百計，在《史記‧十二諸侯年表》中列出十三家事蹟較詳者， 其中壽命最長的為齊、燕兩國。燕國雖比齊稍短，但齊國在386B.C.已遭田氏所篡， 而燕國從第一代諸侯到末任國君燕王喜算起前後四十二代，始終同一世系。戰國 以前燕國一直是個默默無聞、地處偏僻的弱小國家，至戰國中期燕昭王廣招人才 銳意改革，才躍升為強國，成為戰國七雄之一，在國際舞台上嶄露頭角。 何以一 個原為偏弱的國家，處於兼併激烈的春秋戰國時代，非但沒有被時代洪爐所吞噬， 還能存活如此之久，實是耐人尋味。本文即從地理環境、政治、經濟、軍事等各 個角度，探討燕國國壽綿長的原因。 關鍵詞：燕國、國祚綿長、燕昭王、召公奭 ∗本文於 2006 年 6 月 5 日在開南大學「2006 年大學基礎教育國際學術研討會 」發表，經修正後刊 登 ∗∗ 實踐大學通識教育中心講師 205 2 通識研究集刊 第九期 A Study on the reasons of Yan’s long-term prosperity in Zhou dynasty Wang,Ming Abstract According to the 《史記．十二諸侯年表》, the Zhou dynasty held hundreds of vassal states, while the Qi and Yan were the countries which successfully last for a long period. Though Yan’s longevity was a bit shorter than Qi, Qi was usurped by Tian Shi in 386B.C, while Yan kept maintaining its imperial power and family for 42 generations. Yan used to be an unknown and remote country before Zhan Guo （戰國） era, it became one of the seven strongest countries after the King of Yan Zhao made widely recruitment and reformation. It is interesting to know for what reasons that a poor and remote country could survive for such a long time, but not being ruined by other competitive opponents. This paper will probe into the reasons of Yan’s longevity from the aspects of geographical environment, political, economic and military. Keywords: Yan 燕國, long-term prosperity 國祚綿長，The King of Yan Zhao 燕昭王, Zhao Gong Shi 召公奭 206 周代燕國享國永年原因試探 3