橡胶树在西双版纳引种区的种子捕食与散布-生态学杂志.PDF

生态学杂志ChineseJournal of Ecology摇 2014,33(8):2025-2030 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 橡胶树在西双版纳引种区的种子捕食与散布* ** 周会平 摇 陈国云摇 岳摇 海摇 寸摇 明 (云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100) 摘摇 要摇 在纯橡胶林、胶鄄竹复合林、沟谷季节雨林、次生林及毗邻次生林的橡胶林共5 种 不同生境中释放标记的橡胶树种子,观测种子捕食者以及种子被捕食、埋藏和扩散情况。 结果表明:纯橡胶林和沟谷季节雨林内的橡胶树种子大多数都原地存留(80%和98%), 而胶鄄竹复合林内几乎100% 的种子均被捕食;次生林内释放的橡胶树种子捕食率也几为 100%,而毗邻次生林的橡胶林种子捕食率约50%;卡方检验表明,胶鄄竹复合林的种子捕食 率显著高于沟谷季节雨林和纯橡胶林,次生林内显著高于毗邻的橡胶林(P0.001)。 绝大 多数橡胶树种子被捕食者原地或搬运后取食,仅有少量种子被埋藏。 大多数种子(80%) 被搬运距离在10 m 以内。 红外感应相机拍摄和饲喂实验发现,黄胸鼠(Rattus tanezumi)和 红刺鼠(Rattus surifer)为主要的种子捕食者。 可见,在西双版纳引种区橡胶树种子主要是 被小型鼠类取食,但捕食强度较大,而被埋藏种子比例很低,散布距离较短( 10 m)。 关键词摇 橡胶树;西双版纳;种子捕食;种子散布 中图分类号摇 S794摇 文献标识码摇 A摇 文章编号摇 1000-4890(2014)8-2025-06 Seed predation and dispersal of Hevea brasiliensis in Xishuangbanna introduction area. ** ZHOU Hui鄄ping ,CHEN Guo鄄yun,YUE Hai,CUN Ming (YunnanInstitute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100,Yunnan,China).Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(8):2025-2030. Abstract:Tagged seeds of Hevea brasiliensis were separately released in five habitats. The seed fateandseedpredatorswereobserved. Theresultsshowedthat,inthepurerubberplantationand the seasonal rainforest,most seeds remained untouched in situ (80% and 98%,respective鄄 ly),while in the rubber鄄bamboo mixed forest and in the secondary forest seed predation was al鄄 most 100%,andintheneighboringrubberplantationitwas50%. Chi鄄squaretest indicatedthat the seed predationrateoftherubber鄄bamboomixedforestwassignificantlyhigherthanthatofthe pure rubber plantation and the seasonal rainforest,and it was obviously higher in the secondary