genomic diversity in two related plant species with and without sex chromosomes - silene latifolia and s. vulgaris基因在两个相关的植物物种多样性和没有性染色体u2014u2014硅宾latifolia和寻常的.pdfVIP

Genomic Diversity in Two Related Plant Species with and without Sex Chromosomes - Silene latifolia and S. vulgaris 1,2 1 1 1 1 ˇ ´ ˇ 3 Radim Cegan , Boris Vyskot , Eduard Kejnovsky , Zdenek Kubat , Hana Blavet , Jan Safar , Jaroslav ˇ 3 4 1 Dolezel , Nicolas Blavet , Roman Hobza * 1 Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic, 2 Department of Plant ´ Biology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, 3 Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Olomouc, Czech Republic, 4 Institute of Integrative Biology, Plant Ecological Genetics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Abstract Background: Genome size evolution is a complex process influenced by polyploidization, satellite DNA accumulation, and expansion of retroelements. How this process could be affected by different reproductive strategies is still poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings: We analyzed differences in the number and distribution of major repetitive DNA elements in two closely related species, Silene latifolia and S. vulgaris. Both species are diploid and possess the same chromosome number (2n = 24), but differ in their genome size and mode of reproduction. The dioecious S. latifolia (1C = 2.70 pg DNA) possesses sex chromosomes and its genome is 2.5 6larger than that of the gynodioecious S. vulgaris (1C = 1.13 pg DNA), which does not possess sex chromosomes. We discovered that the genome