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GWAS Meets Microarray: Are the Results of Genome- Wide Association Studies and Gene-Expression Profiling Consistent? Prostate Cancer as an Example 1 1 2 2 1 Ivan P. Gorlov *, Gary E. Gallick , Olga Y. Gorlova , Christopher Amos , Christopher J. Logothetis 1 Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America, 2 Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America Abstract Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and global profiling of gene expression (microarrays) are two major technological breakthroughs that allow hypothesis-free identification of candidate genes associated with tumorigenesis. It is not obvious whether there is a consistency between the candidate genes identified by GWAS (GWAS genes) and those identified by profiling gene expression (microarray genes). Methodology/Principal Findings: We used the Cancer Genetic Markers Susceptibility database to retrieve single nucleotide polymorphisms from candidate genes for prostate cancer. In addition, we conducted a large meta-analysis of gene expression data in normal prostate and prostate tumor tissue. We identified 13,905 genes that were interrogated by both GWASs and microarrays. On the basis of P values from GWASs, we selected 1,649 most significantly associated genes for functional annotation by the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. We also conducted functional annotation analysis using same number of the top genes identified in the meta-analysis of the gene expression data. We found that genes involved in cell adhesion were overrepresented among bot