high throughput, multiplexed pathogen detection authenticates plague waves in medieval venice, italy高通量、多路复用病原体检测验证瘟疫波在中世纪威尼斯,意大利.pdfVIP

High Throughput, Multiplexed Pathogen Detection Authenticates Plague Waves in Medieval Venice, Italy 1 2 3 ´ 1 1 Thi-Nguyen-Ny Tran , Michel Signoli , Luigi Fozzati , Gerard Aboudharam , Didier Raoult , Michel Drancourt1* ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ 1 Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UMR CNRS 6236 IRD 198, IFR48, Faculte de Medecine, Universite de la Mediterranee, ´ ´ ´ Marseille, France, 2 Anthropologie Bioculturelle, UMR 6578 CNRS, EFS, Universite de la Mediterranee, Marseille, France, 3 Soprintendenza Archeologica del Veneto, Venice, Italy Abstract Background: Historical records suggest that multiple burial sites from the 14th–16th centuries in Venice, Italy, were used during the Black Death and subsequent plague epidemics. Methodology/Principal Findings: High throughput, multiplexed real-time PCR detected DNA of seven highly transmissible pathogens in 173 dental pulp specimens collected from 46 graves. Bartonella quintana DNA was identified in five (2.9%) samples, including three from the 16th century and two from the 15th century, and Yersinia pestis DNA was detected in three (1.7%) samples, including two from the 14th century and one from the 16th century. Partial glpD gene sequencing indicated that the detected Y. pestis was the Orientalis biotype. Conclusions: These data document for the first time successive plague epidemics in the medieval European city where quarantine was first instituted in the 14th century. Citation: Tran T-N-N, Signoli M, Fo