2012.10.24 如何撰写和发表高水平的科研论文2012.ppt

How to Write Publish a Scientific Paper ★ 学术论文中的名词的可数或不可数特性的划分区别于非学术文章。以下是在学术论文中通常视为可数名词的单词(但在一般字典中它们或它们做某种含义解时可能被划归不可数名词)： application ? development consideration composition ? concentration ? distribution structure length ? weight ★ 当同时提及几个图、表、方程式时要用复数 The reaction rate constant can be calculated from Equations 2 and 3. The reaction rate constant can be calculated from Equation 2 and Equation 3. Figs. 4 and 5 show … (3) 冠词 ★ 单数名词前一般要加冠词：a , the等 表示不特指的、较抽象的概念时可不加： This chapter will consider the characteristics of step polymerization in detail. An understanding of the relative ease of cyclization or linear polymerization comes from a variety of sources. Different polymers are synthesized to yield various mechanical behaviors by the appropriate combinations of crystallinity, crosslinking, Tg, and Tm. 但需注意这些单词前加冠词也是经常见到的，这是由它在句中的含义决定的(如有一定的特指意义)： Polyisoprene is a typical elastomer – it is amorphous, easily crossed, has a low Tg (-73 ℃) and a high Tm (14 ℃). ★ 目录、标题中通常省略冠词： 1 ? ? Introduction1-1 ? Types of Polymers and Polymerizations…1-4 Molecular Weight1-5 Physical State 图、表的题目中有时可省略冠词： Fig. 2-2 Second order plot of the self-catalyzed polyesterification of adipic acid with diethylene glycol at 166 ℃ … Fig. 8 Dependence of the ease of cyclization on the size of the ring. 化学药品、化学物质前通常不加冠词： The polymerization is catalyzed by protonic or lewis acids although a wide variety of base catalysts such as calcium acetate and antimony trioxide can also be used. 图中的横、纵坐标的名称前不加冠词 一定要注意绝对不能全面否定前人的成果，所以文章不要出现非常negative 的评价，例如 Their results are wrong, very questionable, have no commonsense, etc. 遇到这类情况，可以婉转地提出： Their studies may be more reasonable if they had considered this situation. Their results could be better convinced if they ... Or Their conclusion may remain some uncertainties. ★ 讨论部份还包括什么内容? (1) 主要数据特征的总结 (2) 主要结论以及与前人观点的对比 (3) 本文的不足 所谓不足，包括以下内容: (i) 研究的问题有点片面，讨论时可以说 It should be noted th