SULFIDE STRESS CRACKING OIL AND GAS （硫化物应力开裂石油和天然气）.pdf

SULFIDE STRESS CRACKING – PRACTICAL APPLICATION TO THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY Becky L. Ogden Southwest Petroleum Short Course Texas Tech University, 2005 ABSTRACT The phenomenon of sulfide stress cracking (SSC) can result in catastrophic failures of pressurized equipment and piping, resulting in extensive damage, injuries and possible fatalities. Sulfide stress cracking was first identified as a serious problem in the oil industry in the late 1950’s with the development of deeper sour reservoirs. The high strength materials required for these wells began to fail as a result of brittle fracture that was later identified as SSC. Research began on this phenomenon and a task group was formed, which later became associated with the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), now known as NACE International. The T-1B committee of NACE published a recommended practice addressing the metallic material requirements for protection against SSC. This recommended practice was later issued in 1975 as the Materials Requirement MR-0175, known today as “Metals for Sulfide Stress Cracking and Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance in Sour Oilfield Environments”. Recently, NACE International has issued the International Standard MR0175/ISO 15156 addressing multiple forms of cracking associated with the presence of aqueous hydrogen sulfide. This paper will concentrate on, and identify, the requirements for SSC to occur and give designers and operators practical options for the prevention of SSC in equipment operating i