常熟地区河湖水体的氮污染源研究-南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境.PDF

农业环境科学学报 2006,25(3):766-771 JournalofAgro-EnvironmentScience 常熟地区河湖水体的氮污染源研究 谢迎新 邢光熹 熊正琴 孙国庆 , , , 中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏 南京 ( 210008) 摘 要:利用 定位的方法在丰水期和枯水期对常熟地区境内 条河流和 个湖荡水体氮磷污染现状进行了调查研究,对常 GPS 12 3 熟地区主要河湖地表水中不同形态氮浓度的季节性变化特征进行了初步探讨。根据地表水中不同形态氮的浓度及总磷、溶解磷的 15 浓度,结合 示踪法和大型原状土柱渗漏池试验进一步补充探明了对该地区河湖水体中的氮磷污染来源。研究发现,该地区河、 N 湖水体氮磷污染已相当严重,现阶段氮磷污染源主要来自城镇生活污水、农村人畜排泄物,在此基础上提出了缓解该地区水体氮磷 污染的相应对策。 关键词:常熟地区;河湖水体;氮污染源;季节性变化 中图分类号: 文献标识码: 文章编号: X501 A 1672-2043(2006)03-0766-06 SourcesofNitrogenPollutioninWaterBodiesofRiversandLakesinChangshuRegion XIEYing-xin,XINGGuang-xi,XIONGZheng-qin,SUNGuo-qing (StateKeyLabofSoilandSustainableDevelopment,InstituteofSoilScience,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Nanjing210008,China) Abstract:WiththeaidoftheGlobalPositioningSystem (GPS),presentstatusofnitrogenandphosphoruspollutioninwaterbodiesinthe highandlowwaterperiodsoftwelveriversandthreelakesinChangshuregionwasinvestigated,andseasonalvariationsofconcentrationsof nitrogenindifferentformsinthesurfacelayersofthewaterbodieswereresearched.Basedonnitrogenconcentrationsofdifferentforms,total phosphorusandsolublephosphorusinthesurfacewater,nitrogenandphosphoruspollutionsourceswerefurtherexploredbymeansofafield 2 15 undisturbedtension-freemonolithlysimeter(1minareaand1mindepth)incombinationwiththeN-tracingmethod.Theresultsshowthat thewaterbodiesintheregionareseverelypollutedbynitrogenandphosphorus.Nitrogenpollutionofthewaterbodiesisnotonlycausedby chemicalnitrogenapplicationinthefarmlandthroughleachingandrunoffofnitrogen,butalsobyimproperhandlingofdomesticsewageand humanandanimalexcretainthecountryside.Atmosphericnitrogenwetdeposition (includingrainfallandsnowfall)couldbeoneofthe sourcesofnitrog