Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam （热力学性质的水和蒸汽）.pdf

Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam for Power Generation In the early 1900s, the electric power generation need for reliable data, collected subscriptions from industry was experiencing rapid growth and change. industry and disbursed the money to support experimen- The steam engines used for power in the previous tal measurement of key properties of water and steam at century had been displaced by turbines which gener- Harvard, MIT, and the Bureau of Standards. Because the ated electricity as they were rotated by pressurized ASME committee was not as successful in their steam generated in boilers. Turbines and boilers were fundraising as they had hoped, all three institutions operating at higher temperatures and pressures (and also ended up subsidizing some of the research themselves in in increasingly complex cycles, which required more recognition of its importance. sophisticated thermal design and analysis) in order to The need for standard, reliable data was also recog- attain greater thermodynamic efficiency. They were nized in other countries (notably England, Germany, and also becoming larger as the demand for electricity Czechoslovakia), and research efforts were coordinated skyrocketed. internationally. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, three A major source of growing pains for the industry was international conferences were held with the purpose of the lack of accurate and standardized values for the agreeing on standardized values for the properties of properties of water and steam. For the design of power water and steam. This culminated in 1934 with the plants and the boilers and turbines within them,