生态承载力研究和应用进展-生态学杂志.PDF

生态学杂志ChineseJournal of Ecology摇 2012,31(11):2958-2965 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 生生态承载力研究和应用进展* 向芸芸摇 蒙吉军** (北京大学城市与环境学院,地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京 100871) 摘摇 要摇 生态承载力研究是解决资源鄄环境矛盾、实现区域可持续发展的重要基础,也是地 理学、生态学和经济学关注的热点与前沿领域。 本文在综述国内外相关研究成果的基础 上,阐述了生态承载力的概念内涵,即对复合生态系统支持力和压力的表征;评述了常用的 研究方法,即净初级生产力估测法、生态足迹法、供需平衡法、综合指标评价法和系统模型 法;介绍了目前较为关注的流域、生态脆弱区、城市、农业区和旅游区生态承载力的研究进 展;总结了目前生态承载力研究存在的缺乏科学完整的研究体系、阈值的生态学指示意义 不明确、动态演化与预测研究不够深入、空间尺度与格局分异涉足较少等问题;并据此提出 未来应在作用机理、模型构建和实践应用方面加强研究。 关键词摇 生态承载力;研究方法;应用进展;展望 中图分类号摇 X24摇 文献标识码摇 A摇 文章编号摇 1000-4890(2012)11-2958-08 Research and application advances in ecological carrying capacity. XIANG Yun鄄yun, ** MENGJi鄄jun (LaboratoryforEarthSurfaceProcesses,Ministry of Education,Collegeof Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China). Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,31(11):2958-2965. Abstract:The study of ecological carrying capacity is an important basis for the settlement of resource shortage and environment deterioration and the realization of regional sustainable devel鄄 opment,and also,one of the hot spots in geography,ecology,and economics. After reviewing the relatedresearchachievements,thispaperelucidatedtheconnotationof ecologicalcarryingca鄄 pacity,i.e. ,a representation of the supporting function and compressive stress of complex eco鄄 system,introduced the universal measuring methods of ecological carrying capacity,e.g. ,net primary productivity (NPP),ecologicalfootprint (EF),balance of supply and demand,evalua鄄 tion with comprehensive indices,and systematic modeling,and presented the research pro