生长素调控种子的休眠与萌发-遗传.PDF

Hereditas (Beijing) 2016 年4 月, 38(4): 314 ―322 综 述 生长素调控种子的休眠与萌发 帅海威，孟永杰，罗晓峰，陈锋，戚颖，杨文钰，舒凯 四川农业大学农学院生态农业研究所，农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室，成都 611130 摘要:植物种子的休眠与萌发，是植物生长发育过程中的关键阶段，也是生命科学领域的研究热点。种子从休 眠向萌发的转换是极为复杂的生物学过程，由外界环境因子、体内激素含量及信号传导和若干关键基因协同调 控。大量研究表明，植物激素脱落酸(Abscisic acid, ABA)和赤霉素(Gibberellin acid, GA)是调控种子休眠水平， 决定种子从休眠转向萌发的主要内源因子。ABA 与 GA 在含量和信号传导两个层次上的精确平衡，确保了植 物种子能以休眠状态在逆境中存活，并在适宜的时间启动萌发程序。生长素(Auxin)是经典植物激素之一，其对 向性生长和组织分化等生物学过程的调控已有大量研究。但最近有研究证实，生长素对种子休眠有正向调控作 用，这表明生长素是继 ABA 之后的第二个促进种子休眠的植物激素。本文在回顾生长素的发现历程、阐释生 长素体内合成途径及信号传导通路的基础上，重点综述了生长素通过与ABA 的协同作用调控种子休眠的分子 机制，并对未来的研究热点进行了讨论和展望。 关键词:生长素；ABA ；GA ；种子休眠；萌发 The roles of auxin in seed dormancy and germination Haiwei Shuai, Yongjie Meng, Xiaofeng Luo, Feng Chen, Ying Qi, Wenyu Yang, Kai Shu Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China Ministry of China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural U niversity, Chengdu 611130, China Abstract: Seed dormancy and germination are attractive topics in the fields of plant molecular biology as they are key stages during plant growth and development. Seed dormancy is intricately regulated by complex networks of phytohormones and numerous key genes, combined with diverse environmental cues. The transition from dormancy to germination is a very important biological process, and extensive studies have demonstrated that phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin acid (GA) are major determinants. Consequently, the precise balance between ABA and GA can ensure that the seeds remain dormant under stress conditions and germinate at optimal times. Here we review the role of auxin in seed dormancy and germination. Auxin is one of the classic phytohormones effective during tropism growth and tissue differentiation . Recent studies, however, show that au