Historical Transformation From Economic Policy to Social Policy从经济政策到社会政策的历史性转变.ppt

The Great Transformation: Double Movement in China Shaoguang Wang Department of Government Public Administration The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Public Policy Management Tsinghua University Karl Polanyi: Double Movement “The expansion of market forces would sooner or later be met by a countermovement aiming at conservation of man and nature as well as productive organization, and using protective legislation and other instruments of intervention as its methods” Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation, pp. 130-134 Main Argument China has undergone a “great transformation” which consists of a “double movement” since 1978 The politically induced transformation to the market system The countermovement and self-protection from society Outline Double movement: Three periods The emergence of social policies Two key explanatory factors Double Movement in China Three Periods 1949-1984: Moral economy, no need for direct state provision of social policies 1985-1998: Efficiency (growth) as priority, no attention to social policies 1999-present: The emergence of social policies Moral Economy, 1949-1984 The planned economy consciously subordinated the economy to a set of social values. The securing of human livelihood was submerged in and determined by a nexus of non-economic institutions (e.g. work-units, people’s communes) and institutionalized norms (e.g. equality and solidarity). Distribution (not redistribution) was the main forms of resource allocation and social integration Such a distributive system would not be able to proceed without an established center (the state) from which distribution took place The provisioning of humans—the securing of their livelihood—was located in, or integrated through, urban work-units and rural communes, which were as much social as economic institutions The logic of the economy was embedded in society through two mechanisms Soft-budget constraint Iron rice bowl The market played no vital role in human social life Distr