益生菌肠道微生物的基因组学英文论文及翻译.doc

The genomics of probiotic intestinal microorganisms Seppo?Salminen1??, Jussi?Nurmi2 and Miguel?Gueimonde1 (1) Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, FIN-20014?Turku, Finland (2) Department of Biotechnology, University of Turku, FIN-20014?Turku, Finland ? ? Seppo?Salminen Email: seppo.salminen@utu.fi Published online: 29?June?2005 Abstract An intestinal population of beneficial commensal microorganisms helps maintain human health, and some of these bacteria have been found to significantly reduce the risk of gut-associated disease and to alleviate disease symptoms. The genomic characterization of probiotic bacteria and other commensal intestinal bacteria that is now under way will help to deepen our understanding of their beneficial effects. ?While the sequencing of the human genome [1, 2] has increased our understanding of the role of genetic factors in health and disease, each human being harbors many more genes than those in their own genome. These belong to our commensal and symbiotic intestinal microorganisms - our intestinal microbiome - which play an important role in maintaining human health and well-being. A more appropriate image of ourselves would be drawn if the genomes of our intestinal microbiota were taken into account. The microbiome may contain more than 100 times the number of genes in the human genome [3] and provides many functions that humans have thus not needed to develop themselves. The indigenous intestinal microbiota provides a barrier against pathogenic bacteria and other harmful food components [4–6]. It has also been shown to have a direct impact on the morphology of the gut [7], and many intestinal diseases can be linked to disturbances in the intestinal microbial population [8]. The indigenous microbiota of an infants gastrointestinal tract is originally created through contact with the diverse microbiota of the parents and the immediate environment. During breast feeding, initial microbial colonization is enhanced by galacto-olig