简易自动干手器.docx

郑州轻工业学院本科课程设计（论文）题目：自动干手器 学院：电气信息工程 姓名：牛建军 班级：自动化12-02 学号：541101010231 指导老师：方洁完成时间：2014年5月29号自动干手电路摘要随着科技的发展，人们的生活质量逐渐提高，同时，人们对卫生的要求也逐渐提高，人们常用洗手来控制细菌的传播。一种广泛应用于洗手间的干手装置--自动干手器，广泛应用于宾馆酒店、机场车站、体育场馆等公共场所的洗手间。自动干手器的工作原理简单来说就是用红外线电子开关来控制电热吹风机，当有人手伸过来时，感应到红外线，电子开关自动将吹风机打开；当人手离开时有自动关闭吹风机。自动干手电路由电源电路、红外线发射电路、红外线接收电路、时间延迟电路和自动干手器开关电路五部分组成。由电源电路提供直流电源，利用555定时器及多谐振荡器和单稳态触发器等元件组成红外线自动干手器电路以实现干手的目的。当人们需要干手时，把手靠近干手器，由于手对红外线的反射作用，555定时器构成的单稳态触发器会产生一段时间的高电平定时，控制自动干手器打开加热装置和吹风装置，一段时间后会自动停止，时间长短可以通过NE555自动的可变电阻器进行调节，这种设计既简单又可靠，很实用。关键词：红外线自动干手器时间延迟目录第一部分方案论证············································11.1 方案概述与论证·········································1第二部分系统方案设计········································22.1 系统组成框图···········································22.2 各部分电路的功能·······································2第三部分各要单元电路的设计··································33.1 电源电路图及其原理·····································33.2红外发射电路图及其原理··································43.2.1 红外发射电路图及其原理·································43.2.2 555电路的内部结构、工作原理及其性能参数····················53.3 红外接收电路图及其原理·································73.4 时间延迟电路图及其原理·································83.5 吹风机开关电路图及其原理·······························93.6 总电路图及其原理······································10第四部分元器件选型·········································114.1 元件清单··············································114.2 元器件介绍············································114.2.1 三端稳压管··········································114.2.2 红外发光二极管·······································124.2.3 晶体三极管··········································134.2.4 继电器··············································13第五部分总结与体会·········································14参考文献····················································15附录························································16第一部分方案论证方案概述与论证近年来，随着人们生活水平的日益提高，人们对卫生的关注越来越高。人们常用洗手来控制细菌传播，但很多人往往忽略了洗完手后使手变干的步骤，因此导致洗手效果的减弱。自动干手器是一种高档卫生洁具，广泛应用于学校、机场车站、宾馆酒店、体育场等公共场所的洗手间。当洗手后，将双手伸在自动干手器的出风口下，自动干手器会自动送