boerwar中英对照简介.doc

Boer Wars The Boer Wars (known in Afrikaans as Vryheidsoorlog (lit. freedom wars)) were two wars fought between the British Empire and the two independent Boer republics, the Orange Free State and the South African Republic (Transvaal Republic). Eerste Boeren Oorlog The first Boers were free dutch farmers who came around 1604 with Portuguese ships, who had a settlement at the cape and then sailed on to Asia. They came independently and were not bound to any state or land. The cape was then Portuguese. These farmers went inland to what is now Orange Free State and bought the land of the Zulus. The area was semi-desert and never plowed before. The Zulus used it as a hunting area and had just hunted it empty. They wouldnt use it for a another few decades, because they circled around leaving land unused for decades. It took the farmers three generations to make the land fertile, about a hundred years. Now it would take about 20 years to make the land fertile like in Malawi. After a few decades the Zulus wanted the land back and said they had only lent it and didnt sell it. In 1696 the first farmers war came between the farmers and the Zulus. The farmers won. It may be the grain chamber of South Africa now, but it used to be infertile desert. A few other farmers wars followed for these dutch free farmers. It is incorrect that Orange Free State came a state in around 1850. It became independent then from Britain First Anglo-Boer War The First Anglo-Boer War (1880-1881), also known as the Ohana War, was a relatively brief conflict in which Boers successfully rebelled against British rule in the Transvaal, and re-established their independence Second Anglo-Boer War The Second War (1899-1902), by contrast, was a lengthy war—involving large numbers of troops from many British possessions—which ended with the conversion of the Boer republics into British colonies (with a promise of limited self-government). These colonies later formed part of the Union of South Africa. The Bri