中国文化概况不完整整理提纲.doc

Chapter 1 An Overview National Day: October 1, in honor of the founding of PRC Flag: the red five-star flag Emblem: Tian’anmen Rostrum(城楼)，a wheel gear and ears of wheat, Symbolizes the New-Democratic Revolution and the birth of New China under the people’s democratic dictatorship led by working class. Anthem: March of the volunteers, in 1935, with lyrics by the poet Tian Han, with music by the composer Nie Er. Capital: Beijing Geography Location and Boundary Asian continent, Pacific Ocean, 9.6million Sqkm. Third largest Country Topography 地形 Highlands in the west and plains in the east. 67% mountainous land and tough terrains. 33% basins and plains. Qinghai—Tibet plateau: “the roof of world”, highest peak: Mount Qomolangma. Origins of large rivers. Rivers and lakes The Yangtze River: longest(6300Km), from Tanggula Mountain of Qinghai. Through 11 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities(直辖市). The Yellow River: second largest, rises in Qinghai Province to Bohai Sea. Silt-laden heavily, a raised-bed river, in middle and lower reaches. Freshwater Saltwater Freshwater: Poyang Lake Saltwater: Qinghai Lake The Grand Canal(大运河)：links Haihe River, The Yellow River, the Huaihe River, the Yangtze River and the Qiantangjiang River, navigation over 1000 years ago. Climate North Temperate Zone北温带 An Outline History: a recorded history of nearly 4000 years. The Ancient Period “the descendants of Yan and Huang(炎黄子孙)”------Yao: lunar calendar; Shun: virtues(美德);Yu: conquer the floods.-------the Han Dynasty-----Three Kingdoms Period------Jin Dynasty(Sixteen Kingdoms)-------the Southern and Northern Dynasties------the Sui Dynasty------the Tang Dynasty:AD618—907,the commonly-regarded glorious period----the Five Dynasties and The Ten Kingdoms-----The Song Dynasty: clothed Zhao in the yellow imperial gown------the Yuan Dynasty: Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire, Kublai: found the Yuan------the Ming Dynasty------The Qing Dynasty: Nu’erhachi, the Manch