瑰战争对英国社会发展的意义.doc

The Impact of the Wars of the Roses on English Social Development Abstract: The Wars of the Roses were a series of civil wars fought in medieval England from 1455 to 1485 between House of Lancaster and House of York. There were three periods of sustained conflict: 1455-1461, 1469-1471, and 1483-1487. The name of the Wars of the Roses was based on the badges used by the two sides, the red rose for the Lancastrians and the white rose for the Yorkists. After the war the aristocracy suffered dreadfully, and Tudor dynasty was founded. Based on the historical facts, this paper is to discuss the causes of the Wars of the Roses, the impact of this war on the social development of England and also on the postwar England as a whole. Key Words: The Wars of the Roses; aristocracy; social development 玫瑰战争对英国社会发展的意义 摘 要：玫瑰战争是中世纪英格兰的一系列围绕约克和兰开斯特两大王族的内战。这场战争分为1455-1461, 1464-1471和1485-1487三个阶段。这场战争得名于两大家族的族徽，既红色玫瑰的兰开斯特王族和白色玫瑰的约克家族。这场战争结束后，英格兰的贵族受到了极为严重的削弱，都铎王朝亦从此建立。本文旨在通过对相关历史史实的讨论,试图进一步探讨玫瑰战争爆发的缘由和这场战争对当时英格兰社会发展的意义以及日后对英格兰造成的影响。 关键词： 玫瑰战争;贵族统治；社会发展 CONTENTS Introduction 1 1. Background and Origins of the Wars of the Roses………………….2 1.1 Background of the Wars of the Roses 2 1.1.1 The Antebellum Condition of the England……………………………………….2 1.1.2 House of Lancaster 2 1.1.3 House of York 2 1.2 Origins of the Wars of the Roses 2 1.2.1 The Historical Aspects 2 1.2.2 The Political Aspects 3 2. The Course of the Wars of the Roses 4 2.1 The Initial Phase of the Wars: 1455-1461………………………………………..4 2.2 The Second Phase of the Wars: 1464-1471………………………………………6 2.3 The Third Phase of the Wars: 1485-1487…………………………………………......12 3. The Impact of the Wars on English Social Development………….13 3.1 The Impact of the Wars on political system…………………………………………………………...13 3.1.1 The Collapse of Aristocracy……………………………………………………………………………..13 3.1.2 The Rise of Class of Squire and Bourgeois…………………………………………………….14 3.1.3 The Kingship of the Tudor Dynasty…………………………………………...............................14 3.2 The