综合英语二串讲.pptVIP

注意重要句型： It is (has been)…since…这一结构也常用于现在完成时。 It has been (也可用is) a long time since they last met each other. (5) should not/oughtn’t to+have+过去分词 表示做了不该做的事，表示“本不应该”。 例：You should not have done such things. 你不该干出这种事情来。 (6) can’t（couldn’t）+have+过去分词 表示对过去的动作进行否定性推测。意为“肯定没有，肯定不是”。 例：The poem can’t have been written by the little girl; she is only four. 这首诗肯定不是这个小女孩写的，她才刚四岁。 (7) would+have+过去分词经常用于虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的猜测。 例：If she had known about it, she would have talked about it. 她要是知道这件事的话， 早就对此说东道西了。 (8) needn’t +have + 过去分词 表示不必做的事情却做了，可译为“原本不必”“其实不必”。 例：You needn’t have done all these calculations. We have a computer to deal with that sort of thing. 关系词的使用一看先行词，二看关系词在从句中的作用，在此基础上熟记几个常用的固定句式，如：the same … as , such … as… The film is the same as we have expected. 关系词在句中做定语 – whose 应该熟悉关系词做定语时的各种变体。 the office whose windows are broken the office the windows of which are broken “介词 + which/whom”的结构做关系词 A． 介词是句中短语搭配的一部分 ,如pay attention to, take care of 等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。 This is the boy whom she has taken care of. B． “部分 + of + 整体名词”的结构，该结构做关系词也就是 “部分名词 + of which/whom”的结构。 Her two brothers, both of whom work in Scotland, ring her up every week. We will have a party in the room, the window of which has been broken. as/which引导定语从句的区别（1）位置不同：as可置于句首，也可置于句中，而which只能放在句中。 （2）指代不同。 as引导定语从句时，其先行词为整个主句。which引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词也可以是主句或主句中的一部分。 （3）与主动动作先后不同：as从句表示的行为经常是在主句行为之前，而which引导的定语从句表示的却在主句之后，表示连续发生的事情或结果等。 As was expected, the England team won the football match. He promised to help me, which he did. He was often late for work, which cost him his job. 注意先行词为时间、地点或原因时，关系词的选用 如果用when, where 或why，关系词在从句中应该是做状语,否则的话则应该用which / that等。例如： I will never forget the days ________ I spent with my friends in the country. 时间状语从句 表示“一……就……”的连词：once, as soon as, barely/hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than, the minute, the moment, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly 其他表示时间的短语还有：every time, next time, the day