命题分析之说明文.pptVIP

命题分析 1. 采用对比选择型命题方式的作文最多，有5个。 1999年，A/B型（2004年，2006年，2009年），Yes/No型（2007） 2. 采用给定观点命题方式的作文，有4个 2000，2001，2003，2008 3. 采用自由发挥型命题方式的作文，有2个 2002，2005 说明文 1. 定义 解说事物、阐明事理，即用言简意赅的文字，把事物的形状、性质、特征、成因、关系、功能等解释清楚。 2. 说明的方法 概括说明：对事物作简明扼要的说明，即概括介绍事物的特征。 例如：Friends play a very important role in everyone’s life. Almost everyone has some life-long friends. 定义说明。下定义的语言要求科学严谨，指出事物本质，必须用肯定判断句。 例如：A friend is a person who shares the same feelings of natural liking and understanding, the same interest, etc. 分类说明：把说明的对象按照一定的标准划分成不同的类别，分成若干类或若干方面来说明。 例如：Friends can be divided into two kinds: true friends and superficial friends. A true friend is a person who…while a superficial one is… 举例说明：举出事例来说明事物，好处在于能把比较抽象、复杂的事物或事理说得具体而明晰。 例如：Some selective courses have been offered this term. An Introduction to Chinese Traditional Culture, for example, gives us a lot of background knowledge of the history of Chinese philosophy, literature, and arts. 比较说明：用比较的方法说明事物的特征。 A/B A1,A2,A3----B1,B2,B3 A1,B1/A2,B2/A3/B3 比较性说明文的模式 一.模式1 第一段:引言句(现象或事实陈述法),引出要比较的两个事物(A与B)，用一句话表达自己的观点（观点要明确，不可模棱两可） 第二段：段落主题句承接首段中的观点，并对本段内容加以限定。 比较之一：指出A的优点之一，用拓展句加以说明。通过转折指出B的缺点，用拓展句加以说明。 比较之二：指出A 的优点之二，用拓展句加以说明。通过转折指出B的缺点，用拓展句加以说明。 第三段：得出比较结论，注意首尾观点一致。 Television as a Better Source of News Among the three mass-media—television, newspaper and radio, I regard television as a better source of news. My statement that television is a better source of news is based on the following two reasons. The first reason is that television can report news more quickly. We can get the news at the same time when something is happening or immediately after something happened. While newspapers can only offer the news that happened a day or two days ago. The second reason is that television can report news more vividly and impressively. With sounds and pictures on the TV, we can be deeply impressed by the news as if we were personally on the spot. But when we try to get news from the newspaper, we have to concentrate our mind on the lines