创伤失血性休克研究与治疗的一些进展.ppt

Anesthesia Machine  Overview ⅠThe gas delivery system Ⅱ Breathing systems Ⅲ Anesthesia ventilator Ⅳ Safety features Ⅴ Scavenging Ⅵ Gas analysis Ⅶ Accessories Ⅷ New generation anesthesia machines Definition Anesthesiologists define the machine which is used to support the administration of anesthesia as the anesthesia machine. The original concept was invented by the British anesthetist H.E.G. Boyle in 1917. Prior to this time, anesthetists often carried all their equipment with them, but the development of heavy, bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances. The function of the anesthesia machine is to prepare a gas mixture of precisely known but variable composition. The machine provides a controlled flow of oxygen, nitrous oxide, air, and anesthetic vapors. These are delivered to a breathing system, which provides a means to deliver positive pressure ventilation and to control alveolar carbon dioxide by minimizing rebreathing and/or by absorbing carbon dioxide. A mechanical ventilator is connected to the breathing system, freeing up the anesthetists hands for other tasks. Several types of monitors are used to observe the function of the system, to detect equipment failures, and The commonest type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine, which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases ( such as oxygen and nitrous oxide ), mixed with an accurate concentration of anesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane), and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow. Modern machines incorporate a ventilator, suction unit, and patient-monitoring devices. Ⅰ The gas delivery system  Ⅰ-Ⅰ Oxygen supply Ⅰ-Ⅱ Piped gases Ⅰ-Ⅲ Flow control valves Ⅰ-Ⅳ Flowmeters Ⅰ-Ⅴ Vaporizers Ⅰ-Ⅵ The comm