方言研究、双语现象、克里奥语、洋泾浜.ppt

Sociolinguistics⑦ Xiao Long-Fu Applied Linguistics Programme School of Foreign Languages SDNU 01-26-2013 Chapter 7 Dialect and the researches, bilingualism, Pidgin, Creole 语言 - 语言是最重要的、人类交际的工具。（列宁） - 语言是工具、手段，人们利用它来相互交际、交流思想。达到相互了解。（斯大林） - 语言是人与人互通信息，用发音器官发出来的、成系统的行为方式。（赵元任） - 语言是一种社会现象。语言是人类最重要的交际工具。语言是人的思想的直接现实。（陈原） 语言 - 说到底，语言不仅仅是一个交际工具或符号系统，语言本质上是一个民族的意义体系和价值体系，是一个民族的世界观。（申小龙） - 语言是一个自足的结构系统，同时又是一种分类的原则。（索绪尔） - 语言是人类特有的、非本能的一种方式，借助于自身创造的一种符号体系，用来交流意见、感情和愿望。这种符号首先是听觉上的，是通过所谓“发音器官”发出来的。（萨丕尔） 语言 - 每种语言都是与它种语言各不相同的形式系统，其形式与范畴都由其文化所规定，人们不仅利用语言进行交际，还利用它来分析外部世界、对分类关系、现象，或关注或漠视，从而理清思路，并由此建立起它自身的意义大厦。（沃尔夫） - 语言是一组有限或无限的句子的集合，其中每一个句子的长度都有限，并且由一组有限的成分构成。（乔姆斯基） 语言 语言的类属及观点 - 强调语言的自然属性。代表观点：‘自足系统’说。（代表人物：索绪尔） - 强调语言的社会属性。代表观点：‘交际工具’说。（代表人物：斯大林） - 强调人类自身的自然属性，强调用科学的方法去研究语言。代表观点：‘本能说’。（代表人物：乔姆斯基） - 强调人类的历史文化属性，强调用科学的方法去研究语言。强调语言中的民族精神。代表观点：‘世界观’说。（代表人物：洪堡特） 7.1 Dialect The dialect here refers to the regional dialect within one country, i.e., the differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar among people living in various different regions. dialect When a Chinese English major student arrived in England, he never expected that he could not understand what many English people have said. At first, he thought they had spoken too fast, but immediately found that many of them spoke a different kind of English, different from what they learned in the university at home. The differences exist not only in pronunciation, but also vocabulary and grammar. In fact, what this student learned in Chinese university is standard English, while he was in England he was talked with in many dialects. dialect It is said that those speaking dialects and those who pronounce badly though speaking a kind of standard English within a country are much more than those who speak standard English and pronounce correctly. In other words, the people this student met in England who speak standard BBC English or Linguaphone accent are much le