台湾筏之技术创新与特性-成功大学myweb个人网页空间服务说明.PDF

一脈相承：台灣筏的技術創新與特性 陳政宏 國立成功大學系統及船舶機電工程學系 副教授 摘要 本研究回顧至二十世紀為止台灣各地筏的演變 。主要依據古畫 、攝影 、相關文獻記 載及現場調查 ，分析在構型技術方面的演變 ，及其對功能的影響 ，以瞭解工業化前後的 演變趨勢與特性的差異 。研究發現台灣筏有幾項重大的技術變遷過程 ：第一為竹筏上裝 置帆與插板 ，使其擁有優良的耐海性 ；而其他重大的變遷都發生在二十世紀 ，包括動力 自人力與風力變為柴油機與舷外機，製造材料從竹子變為聚乙烯(PVC)塑膠管與玻璃纖 維強化塑膠(FRP)盒，結構也從單層變為雙層與似雙體船型以增加排水量與載重，構造 上也因動力改變而不需插板 ，但因功能需求增加甲板 ，使得整體外型趨向一般小船 ；而 功能上新增觀光與水警用途很特別但不令人意外 ，也因此使其構造更大 ，安全問題更受 重視 。由筏的演變過程也發現其技術變遷具有迅速採用新科技但與舊技術融合使用 、迅 速反映社會變遷、客製化等特點。 關鍵字：筏、台灣筏、竹筏、管筏、膠筏、漁筏、FRP 筏、筏的安全 Technology Innovation and Characteristics of Taiwanese Rafts Jeng-Horng Chen Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701, TAIWAN ABSTRACT A historical review of the evolution of Taiwanese (Formosan) rafts, mainly on structure and function aspects, from ancient time to the end of the 20th century is presented in this paper. Based on credible paintings and photographs and other text records, it is found that the evolution of Taiwanese rafts have several important technology changes before and after the industrialization of Taiwan. The first one is the installation of sail and centerboards on bamboo rafts. All the others happened in the 20th century, including the power change from human and wind to diesel engine/outboard engines; the material change from bamboo to PVC pipes or FRP box; and the structure change from single layer to double layer and quasi-catamaran type. Due to its motorization, the disappearance of centerboards and the installation of decks make rafts more and more like small boats. Two new functions of tourist and legal force use are also significant but not surprising. I