建筑环境设计模拟分软件DeST.PDF

建筑环境设计模拟分析软件 DeST 第 4 讲 建筑热过程中的太阳辐射相关模型 清华大学 张野☆谢晓娜 罗涛 江亿 Building environment design simulation software DeST(4): solar radiation related models in building thermal process By Zhang Ye★, Xie Xiao Na, Luo Tao and Jiang Yi ★ Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 摘要 太阳辐射是影响建筑热状况的重要外扰，在建筑热过程分析时，必须加以准确的考虑。 太阳辐射可以被不透明建筑围护结构表面吸收，也可以直接透过建筑的半透明围护结构进入 室内，这就需要解决两个问题：有多少太阳辐射量能够到达建筑的表面；到达半透明围护结 构表面的太阳辐射有多少能够穿过半透明围护结构直接进入室内。 详细介绍了 DeST在建筑 动态热过程分析中，与建筑表面吸收太阳辐射情况密切相关的建筑表面阴影计算方法和散射 辐射的考虑方法，并对半透明围护结构的辐射透过模型与传热模型进行了细致分析。 关键词 太阳辐射 阴影 透过体系 透过率 Abstract Solar radiation is an important external disturbance affecting thermal environment of buildings. For the studies of building thermal processes, the effects of solar radiation on buildings must be considered accurately. Solar radiation could be absorbed by surfaces of opaque building elements. It can also either penetrate transparant building elements or enter the buildings direct. This leads to two problems to be resolved: the amount of solar radiation reaches the surfaces of the building and the amount of solar radiation penetrates through the transparant elements to enter the building. Describes the models adopted in DeST, the building external surfaces shadow model, which is closely related to the amount of solar radiation absorbed by building external surfaces and the way to determine diffuse solar radiation. And presents a detailed analysis of radiation transmittance model and heat transfer model for transparant elements. Key words solar radiation, shadow, fenestration, transmittance 1 概述 1.1 太阳辐射对建筑热环境的影响过程 太阳辐射是影响建筑室内热环境的重要因素。我国炎热地区的夏季，水平面的太阳辐射 2 强度可高达 1000W/m ，而在冬季，某些地区如北京的水平面太阳辐射强度也可以达到 —————————— ☆张野，男，1979 年 10月生，大学，在读硕士研究生 100084 北京清华大学建筑学院建筑技术科学系 (010 E-mail: zhangye02@mails.tsinghua.edu.