ASME焊接工艺评定需要注意的四个问题.docx

本文主要论述了ASME规范产品的制造中关于焊接工艺评定需要注意的四个问题。这些问题主要包括焊接工艺评定是否做冲击试验、坡口焊缝与角焊缝的区别以及标准焊接工艺（SWPS）的使用问题等。［关键词］焊接工艺评定；标准；冲击试验；探讨焊接过程直接影响ASME规范产品的性能与质量，正确按ASME规范进行焊接工艺评定是建造安全、优质ASME 规范产品的重要前提。现将ASME规范产品焊接工艺评定中几个值得注意的问题论述如下：1 焊接工艺评定文件的中英文问题 ASME规范是美国的一部现行国家法律，因而是以英文为官方语言，英文原版与中文翻译版在个别的地方是有差别的，对ASME规范的理解也应该以原版英文为准，这应该引起我国广大从事ASME焊接工艺文件编制人员的重视，另外对于我国的广大焊接技术人员及焊接工人，英语水平可能达不到非常顺畅的水平，因而AI（授权检验师）一般要求焊接的工艺文件是全英文或中英文对照的。2 冲击问题 ASME规范把影响焊件力学性能的焊接条件定义为“重要变素”，把不影响焊件力学性能的焊接条件定义为“非重要变素”；把影响焊件冲击韧性的焊接条件定为“附加重要变素”, ASME第Ⅸ卷并没有规定什么情况焊接工艺评定需要做冲击试验，但在QW -100.1中规定“In addition, when other Sections of the Code require notch toug-hness qualification of the WPS, the app- licable supplementary essential varia-bles must be addressed in the WPS.”翻译为“当其他卷有要求WPS对缺口韧性进行评定时，相应的附加重要因素必须在WPS中列出”。这就是说WPS什么时候要进行冲击试验是在其他卷中规定的，比如在ASME规范第Ⅷ卷1册的UCS一67中就明确规定了什么情况要做冲击试验，由此可以看出ASME第Ⅸ卷并不是独立的一卷，需要与其他卷配合进行使用。在ASME规范第Ⅷ卷1册的UCS-67规定：Except as exempted in UG-20(f), the We-lding Procedure Qualification shall in-clude impact tests of welds and heat aff-ected zones (HAZ) made in accordance with UG-84 when required by the follo-wing provisions. The MDMT used below shall be the MDMT stamped on the name- plate or the exemption temperature of the welded component before applying the temperature reduction permitted by UCS-66(b) or UCS-68(c).UCS-67(a) Welds made with filler metal shall be impact tested in accordance with UG-84 when any of the following apply:UCS-67(a)(1) when either base metal is required to be impact tested by the rules of this Division; or UCS-67(a)(2) when joining base metals exempt from impact testing by UCS-66(g) or Fig. UCS-66 Curve C or D and the minimum design metal temperature is colder than -20 (-29℃) but not colder than -55 (-48℃), unless welding consumables which have been classified by impact tests at a tem-perature not warmer than the MDMT by the applicable SFA specification are used; or UCS-67(a)(3) when joining base me-tals exempt from impact testing by UCS -66(g) when the minimum design