基于物理模型实验的光倒刺鲃生态行为学研究.pdfVIP

生 态 学 报2011,31(5):1404—1411 Acta Ecologica Sinica 基于物理模型实验的光倒刺鲃生态行为学研究 1,2 2,* 2 李卫明 ,陈求稳 ,黄应平 (1. 武汉大学水电学院　 430072;2. 三峡大学,宜昌　 443002) 摘要:建立了基于天然河道的物理模型,通过控制实验研究水环境因子对鱼类行为的影响。 文中选取了金沙江下游2.6 km河 段建立物理模型,以南方水系的经济鱼类光倒刺鲃为研究对象,进行了鱼的行为对底质和流速的响应实验。 分析得出,光倒刺 鲃对砂卵石底质的选择明显大于其它底质且差异极其显著(P0.01),光倒刺鲃2龄幼鱼期的喜好流速范围为0.3—0.6 m/ s; 研究同时发现水流紊动强度对光倒刺鲃行为具有重要影响。 该研究结果可以为光倒刺鲃栖息地模型提供参考。 关键词:物理模型实验;光倒刺鲃行为;底质;流速;流速脉动 Laboratory study on ethology of Spinibarbus hollandi LI Weimin 1,2 2,* 2 g ,CHEN Qiuwen ,HUANG Yingping 1 College of WaterResources and Hydroelectric Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan430072,China 2 China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China Abstract:The ethology of Spinibarbus hollandi (S. hollandi),which is an important freshwater fish in South China,was investigated in a physical model that represents a2.6 km-long reach of Jingshajiang River on a scale of 1:60. The study focused on the fish′s preferencetodifferent substrateandflow conditions. Fivetypesof substrateof different grain diameter (silver sand of 1mm,rough sand of 3 mm small gravel of40 mm,medium gravel of50 mm,sand and cobble of40 mm) were usedintheexperimentsonsubstratepreferenceofyoungS. hollandiit. FlowvelocitypreferenceofyoungS. hollandiit and turbulence intensity effectswereinvestigatedaswell. ThetotalresidencytimeofS. hollandioneach substrateis0.4 h (rough sand),0.8 h (mediumgravel),2.2 h (rough sand),1h (small gravel)and0.3 h (silver sand),respectively. Preference of young S. hollandi to sand and cobble beds (P 0.01) was found to be significant in the experiments. Consistent results on substrate selection were obtained both in experiments with colonies of fish and individual fishes. Regarding to flow preference,a flume with flat-bottom wasused. It wasfound that young (