不同放牧制度下短花针茅荒漠草原碳平衡研究-中国农业科学.PDF

中国农业科学 2011,44(14):3007-3015 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.14.018 不同放牧制度下短花针茅荒漠草原碳平衡研究 侯向阳，徐海红 （中国农业科学院草原研究所/农业部草地资源生态重点开放实验室，呼和浩特 010010 ） 摘要：【目的】从碳平衡的角度为确定荒漠草原合理的放牧管理方式提供依据。【方法】采用野外调查法测定 生物量季节动态，密闭气室法测定土壤呼吸动态。【结果】（1）相较于自由放牧，划区轮牧能保持较高的凋落物量、 家畜采食量以及地下生物量，在恢复地上植被方面无明显差别，禁牧保持较高的地上生物量、凋落物量及地下生 物量；（2）随着放牧的进行和季节水热条件的变化，土壤呼吸呈现不同的变化趋势，自由放牧在干旱季节产生较 小的土壤呼吸；（3）生长季内划区轮牧、自由放牧和围栏禁牧下的荒漠草原净生态系统生产力分别为413.78、401.45 和 416.80 gC·m-2 -1 ·a 。【结论】短花针茅荒漠草原生态系统碳收支表现为碳汇，不同放牧制度对碳收支影响较小， 相对而言，划区轮牧较自由放牧有微弱的碳积累优势。 关键词：荒漠草原；放牧制度；净初级生产；土壤呼吸；碳平衡 Research on Carbon Balance of Different Grazing Systems in Stipa breviflora Desert Steppe HOU Xiang-yang, XU Hai-hong (Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology, Hohhot 010010) Abstract: 【Objective 】Taking Stipa breviflora desert steppe in Inner Mongolia as the research object, carbon input, carbon output and carbon balance features in plots that affected by fencing, rotational grazing and continuous grazing for ten years (1999-2009) were determined. 【Method 】Using field investigation and enclosed chamber method (IRGA), the dynamics of biomass and soil respiration rate were determined in Stipa breviflora desert steppe. The effects of grazing systems on carbon input, carbon output and carbon balance was studied in this paper. 【Result 】 Compared with continuous grazing, the litter fall, livestock feed intake and below-ground biomass were increased by rotational grazing, while no significant difference the community above-ground biomass was found in between co