贵州高原红枫湖水季节性分层的水环境质量响应.pdf

中国环境科学 2011,31(9) ：1477~1485 China Environmental Science 贵州高原红枫湖水库季节性分层的水环境质量响应 * 夏品华,林 陶,李存雄 ,薛 飞,张邦喜,蒋 瑶 (贵州师范大学贵州省山地环境信息系统与生态环境保护重 点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550001) 摘要：为了揭示贵州高原深水水库水体的垂直分层结构及其水环境质量响应特征,于 2008 年 8 月~2009 年 10 月对红枫湖水库 5 个采样点 进行了 45 次采样,对水文、营养盐等湖沼学变量季节动态和分布进行了分析,探讨了季节性水质恶化事件的发生机制.结果表明,红枫湖水 库水体呈单循环混合模式,在 4~9 月形成分层,但没有典型分层湖泊的温跃层变化,这种不显著的分层导致了水化学的分层.叶绿素 a、总磷、 3 总氮和氨氮平均值分别为 13.6mg/m ,0.063mg/L,1.22mg/L,0.347mg/L;透明度为 1.9m.指示该水库处于中-富营养状态.分层期底层溶解氧在 0.3~6.9mg/L 之间、平均为 2.6mg/L,氮磷质量比在 8~104 之间,表明红枫湖水库是一个底层滞留带季节性缺氧的高氮、磷限制型水库.贵州 高原深水水库季节性水质恶化事件与水体分层结构失稳有关,是富营养化水库在气温骤降时发生“翻湖”所导致的结果,也是贵州高原深水 水库富营养化的另一种表现形式. 关键词：水体分层；水质恶化；富营养化；红枫湖水库；贵州高原 中图分类号：X524 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2011)09-1477-09 Features of the water column stratification and the response of water quality of Hongfeng reservoir in Guizhou, * China. XIA Pin-hua, LIN Tao, LI Cun-xiong , XUE fei, ZHANG Bang-xi, JIANG Yao (Guizhou Key Laboratory for Mountainous Environmental Information and Ecological Protection, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China). China Environmental Science, 2011,31(9)：1477~1485 Abstract ：To reveal the features of the water stratification and the response of water quality of Hongfeng reservoir, in Guizhou Province of China, main limnological variables including hydrological and environmental factors were observed 45 times, from August 2008 to October 2009, at five sampling stations. An event of water quality abruptly degeneration was discussed. The the thermal stratification was monomictic, which formed from April to September, but not strongly, which caused chemical stratification and affected water quality. The mean concentrations of chlorophyll-a, TP, TN, + 3 NH4 -N and