营养与疾病——神经系统疾病（Nutrition and disease -- nervous system diseases）.doc

营养与疾病——神经系统疾病（Nutrition and disease -- nervous system diseases） What is the nervous system? The nervous system is an important regulator of the human body, together with the endocrine system, sense organs, to regulate and control the system, the function of human organs, thus enabling the body to become integrated and maintain the balance of internal and external environment. Peoples thinking consciousness, language, limbs activities, internal organs, endocrine and other functions are controlled and controlled by the nervous system. The functions of the nervous system can be summed up in three points: adaptation, coordination, and thinking. Classification of nervous system The nervous system can be divided into two major categories: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system refers to all the nerve structures outside the brain and spinal cord, including ganglia, nerve trunk, nerve plexus, and nerve ending apparatus. The peripheral nervous system, including the brain and spinal nerves, can also be divided into two parts: somatic nerve and vegetative nerve. Characteristics of nervous system diseases Because of the anatomical and physiological specificity of the nervous system, it has different characteristics in pathology with other parenchymal organs (such as liver and kidney): There is a close relationship between lesion location and dysfunction, for example, one side of the frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe of the brain can cause contralateral hemiplegia; The same lesions in different parts, can appear different comprehensive syndrome and consequences, such as the prefrontal cortex (contact area) of the small focal infarction can not produce any symptoms, such as occurred in the medulla can lead to serious consequences, even fatal; The pathological reaction of various pathogenic factors is more rigid. The same lesion can appear in many different diseases,