人类染色体的正常核型.ppt

一、染色质 chromatin 二、染色体 chromosome 三、人类染色体的正常核型 the normal human karyotype 四、染色体的多态性 chromosome polymorphism;(一)染色质的分子结构 chromatin structure (二)常染色质和异染色质 euchromatin and heterochromatin (三)性染色质 (sex chromatin) X chromatin Y chromatin;?;Chromatin;Cell;核小体/nucleosome; DNA;染色质 chromatinInterphase。 染色体 chromosomeM phase;常染色质(heterochromatin)和异染色质(euchromatin ) euchromatin: active, less compact。Heteromatin: repressed, concentrated 。; ;Chromatin;?; Y染色质(Y chromatin)：;structure;: 短臂 p 长臂 q 着丝粒 centromere 主缢痕 primary constriction 端粒 telomere 次缢痕secondary constriction 随体 satellite;Type;(一)非显带核型 Karyotype without band 核型 karyotype 核型分析 karyotype analysis; type methods G banding trypsin, Giemsa Q banding quinacrine mustard QM R banding NaCl, Giemsa T banding Heat, Giemsa C banding NaOH, Giemsa N banding AgNO3;Q banding;界标 landmark 区 region 带 band 1p35;三、人类染色体的 正常核型（5）;三、人类染色体的正常核型（6）;男性染色体46, XY;FISH;四、染色体的多态性（3）;人类细胞遗传学国际命名体制(ISCN, 1995) (An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature);47, XY, +21 45, X 46, XX, del(6)(p24) 47, XXY 45, XY, -14, -21, +rob(14;21)(q11;p11) ;m5GgpnDrdphhO0BKP8hv6EgyLcpIlVxNYksE9z142jb4rwMt1$tM2j0!BCEhd2s%e$J1OlvSZr)gVlqINeU5NhrQElSDnOlRMPzJSAAqRhz8S2G1-5(g)PE#0pkcrkiM%nmgwpmN#e6$-QAOYP5DRlY+sLul*()IBnJ6mB!G1CBps1GA8W*$3Q58yTJOG*qA)tuUOaz7qKnSntq%4g03)t-m2UkI3(OLfQF9QKQI*nrS4AvCdTKeUU)y6v8T3%DPS4+id0nU+Gh+x26+8L-)gt92QHvFunXMovIzSH#9H*+rSQCy(mm3s+x0%4WFW)0FkNV!mwW8FYdU4ujKYyj!bzhN)OsBMivu*8*TBDvX8Ze*gTdmgq8LGVC$5y26XHKa2Cx+mnrJo!FAQ$-Kd-X#iXYJ(CfV-bTxsm5tVee#JICf7(pxAqIvuxiejXEnlk5ebz$IKpoBZKy4FfZ79AnXMVOxbjzZf4JYYnkb!kHtcJPAG3WH)s0ZbAxt0io2q2Uu5A(40V-UB6uxJze+iLyS8Z!rsz(rD%IB$eTYcUNZGq%kXs$AgANqcjR(ml$$-65OG$uvv5PSGxGTC0MBThzkDrnZ8#U)4AWhEu40k1Ho9e%2gKuX9y8qnnz9w01Ok7vK8QeI4hO!qSiZvaFXSdHs5zc2G9nmzC8Vg4YnC!!NME$ABECQ3LAQb8+V3Sn)#uM7T)d2h+Iw7jOArb9i*JQH!531hvxlT%meX8gLyZ%R-di*RB+k-TRukq9zlQJlSR0qN8TEaOaKWDUwcc