农田黑土退化过程-土壤与作物.PDF

第2卷第1期 土 壤 与 作 物 Vol郾2, No郾1 摇 2013年3月 SOIL AND CROP Mar郾 ,2013摇 doi: 10郾11689/ j郾issn郾2095-2961郾2013郾01郾001 文章编号:2095-2961 (2013) 01-0001-06 农田黑土退化过程 张兴义, 隋跃宇, 宋春雨 (中国科学院 东北地理与农业生态研究所 中国科学院黑土区农业生态重点实验室, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150081) 摘摇 要: 利用全区域采样调查方法, 结合县市土壤志和第二次土壤普查的结果, 从区域尺度分析了东北典型农田黑土的退 化过程。 结果表明自开垦以来, 农田黑土发生了显著退化, 土壤有机质下降了60%, 处于退化发生、 退化发展和退化危机 阶段的农田黑土共存。 第二次土壤普查至2002年的20 a 间, 农田黑土有机质仍以年平均5译的速率下降, 水土流失严重的 县市年均下降速率高达13郾5译, 黑土侵蚀已成为当前黑土退化的主要驱动因素。 同时研究也表明如果增加农田投入或实施 生态保育, 农田黑土退化可以遏制, 耕地是可培肥的。 图1, 表2, 参10。 关键词: 农田黑土; 退化过程 中图分类号: S153摇 摇 摇 摇 文献标识码: A摇 摇 摇 摇 Degradation Process of Arable Mollisols ZHANGXing鄄yi, SUI Yue鄄yu, SONG Chun鄄yu (Key Laboratory of MollisolsAgroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography andAgroecology, CAS, Harbin 150081, China) Abstract: The degradation processesof arableMollisolsinNortheast Chinawasstudiedby soil survey inwholeareacombinedwiththe data of soilcountyannalsandtheSecondNationalSoilInvestigation郾 TheresultsshowedthearableMollisolsinNortheastChinawasse鄄 riously degraded after reclamation郾 Soil organic matter content decreased 60 percent郾 The soil degradation can be divided into three degradation phases, and the three degradation phases are coexisting郾 During thetwenty yearsfrom the Second National Soil Investiga鄄 tion to2000, theannualdecreaseinsoilorganicmatterwasfivethousandthinMollisolsarea, and 13郾5thousandthinthecountiesse鄄 riously eroded by water郾 Therefore soil erosion is the dominant driving factor of the soil degradation郾 Meanwhile, it was indicated the soil degradation could be prevented or the soil fertility could be improved by increasing the input to field or ecological protection郾 Key words: arable Moll