分子生物学（杨君）lecture10+regulatory+RNAs.pptVIP

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2017-09-19 发布于浙江
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分子生物学（杨君）lecture10+regulatory+RNAs.ppt

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The developmental time-points relating to the different stages of X-chromosome inactivation X-chromosome inactivation begins with paternal expression of X (inactive)-specific transcript (Xist) at the 2-cell stage, followed by coating of the paternal X chromosome (Xp) by?Xist?RNA, beginning at the 4-cell stage. autosomal imprinting - 常染色体显性遗传印记 How does a cell choose which X chromosome to inactivate? The answer is still proving elusive. Another RNA regulator might be key. This other RNA is also encoded by the Xic locus but on the opposite strand and overlapping the Xist gene. It is called Tsix (Xist spelled backward) and acts as a negative regulator of Xist Balance!! Dosage compensation is necessary in all animals Ch18RNA调控 miRNA lncRNA 真核机制原核机制 siRNA 小结练习 Tortoishell cats Tortoishell?cats?are usually female Ch18RNA调控 miRNA lncRNA 真核机制原核机制 siRNA 小结练习 Summary Riboswitches control, small RNAs, attenuation, CRISPR system siRNAs and miRNAs Applications of siRNAs long RNAs X-chromosome inactivation The end of chapter 18 Ch18RNA调控 miRNA lncRNA 真核机制原核机制 siRNA 小结练习 Questions Ch18RNA调控 miRNA lncRNA 真核机制原核机制 siRNA 小结练习 The crystal structure of Argonaute Ch18RNA调控 miRNA lncRNA 真核机制原核机制 siRNA 小结练习 A model for siRNA-guidedmRNA cleavage by Argonaute Ch18RNA调控 miRNA lncRNA 真核机制原核机制 siRNA 小结练习 RNAi silencing is extremely efficient Very small amounts of dsRNA are often enough to induce a near complete shutdown of target gene expression. A factor adding to efficiency could be the action of an RNA-dependent RNA Polymerse (RdRP ), an additional enzyme required in many cases of RNAi. This polymerase can amplify the inhibitory signal: the RdRP generates dsRNA after recruitment to the mRNA by the original siRNA. This feedback process generates large amounts of siRNA. RdRP has not yet been identified in mammalian cells, high efficiency there likely results from the fact that slicing is catalytic—each RISC can cleave several