国际贸易实务双语教程第4版chapter5.pptVIP

The quality of the goods is among the main terms upon which a sales contract is based and constructed. Chapter 5 Quality of Commodity Commodity provides the material basis for international trade. All of commodities present certain qualities. 1.Sale by Description（凭文字说明买卖） （1）Sale by specification，grade or standard （凭规格、等级、标准买卖） （2）Sale by brand name of trade mark （凭牌号或商标买卖） （3）Sale by name of origin（凭产地名卖） （4）Sale by description and illustration （凭说明书和图样买卖） 2.Sale by Sample（凭样品买卖） （1）Sale by the seller’s sample （凭卖方样品买卖） （2）Sale by the buyer’s sample （凭买方样品买卖）  DEFINITION: Quality of Goods outwards appearance: shape, structure, color, flavor, luster and etc. inner features: composition, physical and mechanical property, chemical, biological feature, etc. Methods of Stipulating Quality of Goods: By description *by Specification *by Grade *by Standard *by Brand name or Trade Mark *by Name of Origin *by Instruction By sample *by the seller’s sample *by the buyer’s sample *by counter sample The specification of the goods The grade of the goods The standard About standard International standard: ISO-international Standards Organization-has more than 4000 standards IEC-international Electrotechnical Commission-has over 1580 standards National standard: GB14-05(is national standard pulished in 2005, publication No. is 14), BP Craft (Guild) Standard 行业(公会)标准 Local Standard Enterprise Standard Sale by name of origin There are some agricultural products and by-products whose origins are well known for their excellent quality all over the world. As to these products, the origins may well indicate their qualities. Definition of Sample: The sample refers to the article which can be used to represent the quality of the whole lot. In merchandising, a sample is a small quantity of a product, often, taken out from a whole lot or specially designed and processed, that is given to encourage