植物生物学基础 白 第1-2讲.pdf

《现代生物学基础》 植物发育生物学研究的意义 Significance of study on plant developmental biology 白书农 shunongb@ 6276-1444 一. 性别、性别分化和有性生殖周期 • 人们为什么对性别问题感兴趣？ 几个数据 • Google search – Sex 435,000,000 – Gender 108,000,000 – Marriage 131,000,000 – Birth 114,000,000 – Sex in plants 95,600,000 • 西方有关植物性别的历史记载 1,000 BC • 中国有关植物性别的历史记载 500 BC 一. 性别、性别分化和有性生殖周期 • 人们为什么对性别问题感兴趣？ • 植物性别的定义与单性花研究 Sex determination in flowering plants Dellaporta Calderon-Urrea, 1993 Sex determination in maize is a complex process involving an interplay between genetic determinants, the environment, and hormones. Dellaporta and Calderon-Urrea 1994 In flowering plants, strategies for sex determination have evolved to prevent self-fertilization that may lead to loss of fitness due to inbreeding (Darwin, 1876). One of these strategies involves the production of unisexual flowers, in which male and female gametes are segregated on different flowers of the same plant (monoecious species) or on separate individuals (dioecious species). Kater et al, 2001 (Angenent) Sex determination is the developmental decision that occurs during the plant life cycle that leads to the differentiation of the two organs or cells that produce the two gametes. Juraze and Banks1998 Sex determination is a process that leads to the physical separation of