Grammarandusage定语从句高中.doc

●Grammar and usage I. 定语从句讲析（The attributive clause） 一、关键词 1. 定语从句：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2. 先行词：定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。 3. 关系词：关系词用来引导定语从句。关系词有关系代词和关系副词之分。关系代词有that, which, who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why等。关系词可以1) 代替先行词；2) 引导定语从句； 3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The car which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.句中，the car为先行词；which是关系词引导是定语从句which my uncle had just bought，同时代替先行词the car在定语从句中作主语。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250,000. In 1519 another traveler who went to America from Europe discovered tomatoes. The competitor who won the most gold medals was David Beckham. 2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。 The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor. The person whom you should ask is Mr. Ball. The athlete whom I liked most was Carl Lewis. The boy (who／whom／that／) we saw yesterday was Johns brother. 3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。 Fruit trees which once grew only in China can be found in many parts of the world. The gold medal which she won has been given to her old school. 4.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 The woman that I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal. Corn is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways. The report that Mr. Turner handed in was about the motor race. 5.whose 通常指人，有时也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 I know the person whose company produces computers. This is the person whose story surprised everybody. I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen. Note: whose指物时，常用of which结构来代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom, the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 三、关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? The time when my father worked was a hard time. There were times when I didn’t know what to do. 2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 This is the city where I was born. He helped his father on the small farm where they lived. The farm where