《社会语言学》Lecture4一英语专业本科学习课件。.ppt

主讲教师：郑家钦 　22、You go see see　你去看看. 23、Moon under old man 月下老人 　 24.die away　死开 　 25.If you no three no four, I give you some color to see see! 如果你不三不四，我给你点颜色看看。　　26.Ask what ask! 问什么问！see what see 看什么看！laugh what laugh 笑什么笑！ 　27.Have one leg with somebody. 跟某人有一腿。　　28.What thing? 什么事？ 　29.Two breasts. 二奶。 30.Pack two breasts. 包二奶。 31. Little three and old four.小三老四。 主讲教师：郑家钦 4.4 creole (克里奥耳语/混合语) Definition: A creole language is originally a pidgin that has become established as a native language in some speech community. (That is, when a pidgin comes to be adopted by a population as its primary language, and children learn it as their first language, then the pidgin language is called a creole.) 主讲教师：郑家钦 4.4 creole (克里奥耳语/混合语) 克里奥耳语/混合语,是两种不同的语言长期接触, 交融，最后交配而成的第三种语言.如,家勒比海的现代海地语是法语和当地语言交配而成的;青海同仁县的五屯话是藏语和当地语言交配而成的. 主讲教师：郑家钦 4.5 Black English Most widespread and most familiar ethnic variety of the English language. Stigmatized “ bad English” has no linguistic basis. A non-standard dialect of American English. Having some vocabulary of its own. Having distinctive features in its phonological, morphological and syntactic systems which are rule-governed and systematic. 使人感到耻辱的 主讲教师：郑家钦 1) Two phonological distinctive features ①Simplification of consonant clusters at the end of words when one of the two consonants is an alveolar /t/, /d/, /s/, or /z/. e.g. “past” =“passed” →/pɑ:s/ , desk →/des/ ② Deletion of some word-final stop consonants in words like “side” and “borrowed”. e.g. “side” = “sign”; “borrowed” = “borrow” alveolar---齿龈音 闭塞音 主讲教师：郑家钦 2) Three syntactic distinctive features ① Absence of various forms of the copula “be”. e.g. They mine. ②Systematic use of the expression “it is” instead of “there is”. e.g. Is it a Mr. Johnson in this office? ③ Use of double negation construction. e.g. He don’t know nothing. Whenever the verb is negated, the indefinite pronouns something, somebody, and some be