抗菌药物临床应用原则（Principles of clinical application of Antibacterials）.doc

抗菌药物临床应用原则（Principles of clinical application of Antibacterials） I. indications and precautions for commonly used antimicrobial agents I penicillin antibiotics These drugs can be divided into: (1) drugs that are mainly used in gram positive bacteria, such as penicillin (G), phenoxy methyl penicillin, etc.. (2) penicillin resistant penicillin, such as methicillin, oxacillin, oxacillin, etc.. (3) had antibacterial activity such as broad-spectrum penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin for Enterobacteriaceae, most of gram negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa have antibacterial activity, such as piperacillin, mezlocillin etc.. 1. indications: Penicillin: suitable for hemolytic streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and gram positive bacterial infections, including pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis, respiratory tract infections, otitis media, tetanus and gas gangrene, anthrax, meningitis, diphtheria, syphilis, drench disease, recurrent fever, leptospirosis, actinomycetes disease. Procaine penicillin is available for intramuscular injection. Benzyl penicillin is a long-acting preparation, and penicillin can be taken orally, and its antibacterial spectrum is similar to that of penicillin. Penicillin resistant enzyme: an antibacterial spectrum similar to penicillin, with a slightly poorer effect, but stable against penicillin and can be used for staph infections resistant to penicillin. Broad-spectrum penicillin: gram positive bacteria, similar to penicillin, and effective against gram negative bacteria, can also be used for intestinal tract, urinary tract, biliary tract, abdominal cavity and other infections. 2. matters needing attention (1) no matter which route is used, you must ask for penicillin allergy history and other allergies before you have skin test. (2) in the event of penicillin anaphylactic shock, epinephrine was injected immediately, oxygen was absorbed, and steroids were treated with pressor drugs, cort