抗菌药物的临床应用（Clinical application of antimicrobial agents）.doc

抗菌药物的临床应用（Clinical application of antimicrobial agents） Clinical application of fifteenth antimicrobial agents First, the main points of learning Pharmacokinetics of an antibacterial drug The process of anti microbial drugs in vivo: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of antibacterial drugs; concept of effective organization and humoral concentration and drug susceptibility of bacteria; antibacterial drugs in tissue and body fluid concentration is only the blood concentration of 1/10 ~ 1/2; minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) concept. Two drug resistance of bacteria to antibiotics It includes natural or mutational resistance and plasmid mediated resistance; plasmid mediated resistance can be produced by resistance plasmids in bacterial transformation, transduction, conjugation, translocation, or transposition. Including the mechanism of bacterial resistance: inactivated enzyme or enzyme; osmotic barrier II antibiotics; change the target; the other as bacterial metabolism changes, nutritional deficiencies and the change of external environment. Measures to prevent bacterial drug resistance; Three principles of clinical application of Antibacterials 1. early diagnosis of etiology. 2., the rational use of antibiotics, familiar with the indications of drugs, antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics and adverse reactions. 3., according to the patients physiological, pathological and immune status, such as rational use of drugs. Strictly control the application of antibiotics to 4. under the following conditions: drug topical application of viral diseases and unexplained fever, antibiotic (such as skin, mucous membrane), combined treatment, prevention of antibiotics and other antibacterial. 5. choose the proper dosage regimen, dosage and course of treatment. 6., observe the adverse reaction of antibacterial drugs closely, once appear, should be dealt with in time. 7. observe the curative effect of antibacterial drugs and adjust the regimen of antibacteri