护理学基础问答题（Basic nursing questions and answers）.doc

护理学基础问答题（Basic nursing questions and answers） Basic nursing questions 1 I. The purpose of intravenous infusion: 1, add water and electrolyte, correct the water, electrolyte and acid-base imbalance. 2, supplementary Battalion Keep and provide heat energy. 3, enter drugs, treatment of disease. 4, increase circulating blood volume, change Good circulation, maintain blood pressure, correct shock. Two, intravenous infusion precautions: Rational regulation of infusion speed. Detailed evaluation before infusion, according to the condition, age and medication Properties, determine the dropping speed. Adults 40~60 drops / min children 20~40 Drip / min. Elderly, frail, infants, heart and lung disease patients infusion speed should be slow, off The patients with severe water and good cardiopulmonary function can be given quick infusion. General solution input velocity Fast, hypertonic saline, step-up drugs, potassium containing drugs, the input speed should be slow. In transfusion According to the patients reaction or the replacement of the liquid and drug, the timely adjustment of the transfusion is carried out Liquid velocity. Three, common infusion failure and troubleshooting: (1) the solution does not drip or drip: 1 needle piercing too shallow or too deep, so that the needle slipped out or through the vessel wall. Needles should be replaced, Alternative site puncture. 2, the needle needle inclined to the wall of the blood vessel, can adjust the needle angle or limb position, so that intravenous drip Chang. 3, needle blocking, can fold the dropper upper infusion tube, gently squeeze the dropper, if there is resistance The needle should be replaced and re punctured. Remember to clear up the pressure so as not to cause embolism. 4, the pressure is too low, depending on the situation or appropriate to improve the location of infusion bottles, or change the body A. 5, venous spasm due to fluid or environmental temperature is too low, or infusion of drug concentration and patie